| Negative (N=381) | Positive (N=85) | OR (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Land use | ||||
 Agricultural | 117 | 30 | 1.262 (0.705 - 2.259) | 0.432 |
 Woodland and semi-natural | 136 | 29 | 1.050 (0.587 - 1.878) | 0.870 |
 Urban | 128 | 26 | - | - |
Herd size | ||||
 ≤5 | 122 | 30 | 2.762 (1.380 - 5.527) | 0.003 |
 6-30 | 113 | 42 | 4.174 (2.139 - 8.148) | <0.001 |
 ≥31 | 146 | 13 | - | - |
Cattle density | ||||
 ≤10 | 120 | 30 | 1.625 (0.876 - 3.014) | 0.121 |
 11-20 | 131 | 35 | 1.737 (0.953 - 3.166) | 0.070 |
 ≥21 | 130 | 20 | - | - |
Adult/calf ratios | ||||
 ≤1.0 | 135 | 20 | 0.653 (0.348 - 1.224) | 0.182 |
 1.1-2.0 | 127 | 38 | 1.319 (0.759 - 2.293) | 0.326 |
 ≥2.1 | 119 | 27 | - | - |
Age class | ||||
 Juvenile | 145 | 18 | 0.294 (0.159 - 0.541) | <0.001 |
 Subadult | 139 | 26 | 0.443 (0.254 - 0.771) | 0.004 |
 Adult | 97 | 41 | - | - |
Reproductive problems | ||||
 Yes | 173 | 41 | 1.120 (0.700 - 1.794) | 0.636 |
 No | 208 | 44 | - | - |
Southern vs northern | ||||
 Southern | 253 | 45 | 1.757 (1.092 - 2.828) | 0.019 |
 Northern | 128 | 40 | - | - |
Eastern vs western | ||||
 Eastern | 128 | 18 | 0.531 (0.303 - 0.932) | 0.026 |
 Western | 253 | 67 | - | - |