| | |
AMPa
| |
CHLb
| |
CIPRc
| |
SULFAd
| |
SXTe
| |
TETf
| |
TRIMg
| | | |
|---|
|
Risk factor
| |
Sh
|
Ri
|
S
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
S
|
R
| |
Proportion
|
|---|
|
(NAk)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total per risk factor
|
95% CIj
|
| |
Total
|
82
|
4
|
82
|
4
|
46
|
40
|
65
|
21
|
80
|
6
|
73
|
13
|
80
|
6
|
n
| |
|
Proportion of resistance
|
95% CI1
|
0.05 [0.01;0.1]
|
0.05 [0.01;0.1]
|
0.46 [0.36;0.58]
|
0.24 [0.16;0.34]
|
0.07 [0.0;0.2]
|
0.15 [0;0.3]
|
0.07 [0.0;0.2]
| | |
|
Gender
|
Male
|
58
|
1
|
58
|
1
|
30
|
29
|
41
|
18
|
54
|
5
|
52
|
7
|
54
|
5
|
59
|
0.69 [0.58; 0.78]
|
|
(0)
|
Female
|
24
|
3
|
24
|
3
|
16
|
11
|
24
|
3
|
26
|
1
|
21
|
6
|
26
|
1
|
27
|
0.31 [0.22; 0.42]
|
|
Pets
|
Yes
|
28
|
1
|
28
|
1
|
13
|
16
|
20
|
9
|
27
|
2
|
23
|
6
|
27
|
2
|
29
|
0.34 [0.24; 0.44]
|
|
(0)
|
No
|
54
|
3
|
54
|
3
|
33
|
24
|
45
|
12
|
53
|
4
|
50
|
7
|
53
|
4
|
57
|
0.66 [0.56; 0.76]
|
|
Farm sizel
|
Small
|
29
|
2
|
29
|
2
|
19
|
12
|
27
|
4
|
30
|
1
|
29
|
2
|
30
|
1
|
31
|
0.36 [0.26; 0.47]
|
|
(2)
|
Medium
|
18
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
10
|
8
|
15
|
3
|
18
|
0
|
17
|
1
|
18
|
0
|
18
|
0.21 [0.13; 0.31]
|
| |
Large
|
35
|
2
|
35
|
2
|
17
|
20
|
23
|
14
|
32
|
5
|
27
|
10
|
32
|
5
|
37
|
0.43 [0.32; 0.64]
|
|
Management
|
Free/ Semi
|
25
|
2
|
25
|
2
|
16
|
11
|
22
|
5
|
26
|
1
|
25
|
2
|
26
|
1
|
27
|
0.31 [0.22; 0.42]
|
|
(1)
|
Intensive
|
57
|
2
|
57
|
2
|
30
|
29
|
43
|
16
|
54
|
5
|
48
|
11
|
54
|
5
|
59
|
0.69 [0.58; 0.78]
|
|
Reuse Egg trays
|
Yes
|
31
|
2
|
31
|
2
|
15
|
18
|
25
|
8
|
30
|
3
|
30
|
3
|
30
|
3
|
33
|
0.38 [0.28; 0.49]
|
|
(3)
|
No
|
51
|
2
|
51
|
2
|
31
|
22
|
40
|
13
|
50
|
3
|
43
|
10
|
50
|
3
|
53
|
0.62 [0.51; 0.72]
|
|
Vaccinator
|
Private Service
|
30
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
20
|
10
|
26
|
4
|
30
|
0
|
22
|
8
|
30
|
0
|
30
|
0.35 [0.25; 0.46]
|
|
(0)
|
Self or family
|
35
|
3
|
35
|
3
|
21
|
17
|
31
|
7
|
37
|
1
|
34
|
4
|
37
|
1
|
38
|
0.44 [0.34; 0.55]
|
| |
Employee
|
17
|
1
|
17
|
1
|
5
|
13
|
8
|
10
|
13
|
5
|
17
|
1
|
13
|
5
|
18
|
0.21 [0.13; 0.31]
|
|
Disposal
|
Burrying
|
45
|
1
|
45
|
1
|
23
|
23
|
31
|
15
|
42
|
4
|
37
|
9
|
42
|
4
|
46
|
0.53 [0.42; 0.64]
|
|
(0)
|
Burning
|
11
|
2
|
11
|
2
|
7
|
6
|
12
|
1
|
13
|
0
|
13
|
0
|
13
|
0
|
13
|
0.15 [0.08; 0.24]
|
| |
Throwing away
|
19
|
1
|
19
|
1
|
11
|
9
|
15
|
5
|
18
|
2
|
16
|
4
|
18
|
2
|
20
|
0.23 [0.15; 0.33]
|
| |
Giving to animals
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
4
|
0.05 [0.01; 0.1]
|
| |
Drop in a pit
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
0.03 [0.00; 0.1]
|
- a Ampicillin
- b Chloramphenicol
- c Ciprofloxacin
- d Sulfonamide
- e Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
- f Tetracycline
- g Trimethoprim
- h Susceptible
- i Resistant
- j Binomial confidence intervals based on Jeffreys approximate method with a beta distribution
- k Missing values which were imputed with the R package missForest
- l Small 50–500 birds, medium 501–1000, large > 1000 birds
