Factors associated with lung cytology as obtained by non-endoscopic broncho-alveolar lavage in group-housed calves

Table 1 Final multivariable linear model for the association of clinical signs and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid characteristics with total nucleated cell count (cells × 10⁹ L) in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of 332 group-housed calves

Variable	Category	Regression coefficient β (SE)	P-value	LSM estimate (SE)
Intercept		1.6 (0.14)	< 0.001
Tracheal cough reflex	Negative	Referent		1.7 (0.04)
Tracheal cough reflex	Positive	0.24 (0.07)	0.003	2.3 (0.08)
BALf blood staining	Absent	Referent		1.7 (0.04)
BALf blood staining	Present	0.26 (0.08)	0.002	2.4 (0.08)
Volume lavage fluid recovered (/mL)		0.03 (0.01)	< 0.001	-

BALf broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Random herd effect was not significant (P = 0.12)

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