Table 6 Relative mRNA levels of MyoD, Myogenin, IFG-1, GH, PAX7 and PCNA in the muscle tissues at days 14 and 28 post hatch in broiler chicks subjected to different thermal manipulation protocols during embryonic life (ED12–18)

1 ± 0.03^a

1.16 ± 0.06^a

1.53 ± 0.03^b

2.29 ± 0.01^c

1.64 ± 0.07^b

1 ± 0.06^a

0.44 ± 0.02^b

0.79 ± 0.03^c

1.67 ± 0.06^d

0.49 ± 0.01^b

1 ± 0.04^a

1.40 ± 0.04^b

1.92 ± 0.05^c

2.25 ± 0.02^d

1.60 ± 0.09^e

1 ± 0.01^a

0.39 ± 0.01^b

0.56 ± 0.07^b

1.40 ± 0.06^c

0.51 ± 0.01^b

1 ± 0.03^a

1.09 ± 0.06^a

1.34 ± 0.05^b

2.02 ± 0.01^c

1.29 ± 0.03^b

1 ± 0.03^a

1.28 ± 0.05^b

1.63 ± 0.03^b

1.56 ± 0.06^b

1.73 ± 0.04^b

1 ± 0.03^a

1.55 ± 0.03^b

3.44 ± 0.11^c

1.53 ± 0.02^b

1.78 ± 0.01^b

1 ± 0.06^a

0.10 ± 0.22^b

4.44 ± 0.05^c

1.04 ± 0.08^a

1.30 ± 0.02^d

1 ± 0.04^a

1.48 ± 0.07^b

3.53 ± 0.05^c

2.99 ± 0.05^d

2.53 ± 0.07^e

1 ± 0.01^a

1.12 ± 0.01^b

4.09 ± 0.07^d

1.93 ± 0.05^c

1.17 ± 0.06^c

1 ± 0.03^a

1.96 ± 0.06^b

3.44 ± 0.13^c

1.53 ± 0.06^d

2.21 ± 0.13^b

1 ± 0.03^a

1.15 ± 0.02^b

1.89 ± 0.16^c

1.19 ± 0.03^b

1.63 ± 0.05^c