Fig. 4

Analysis on the mode of action of FCS against the virulent and attenuated DHAV-3 strains. a Schematic illustration of the TODA assays. DEF cells were treated with FCS or CS at indicated time and were inoculated with C-GY or YDF120 (MOI of 1 copy/cell). (b) and (c) represent the results obtained from the TODA assays for C-GY and YDF120 respectively. At each time point, samples (medium and cells) were collected from three wells of 24-well-plates at 24 hpi and viral loads in samples were determined by qPCR assay. Error bars represent the SD (n = 3). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01