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Table 1 Overview of the pathogens (and other often isolated microbes), pathophysiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs and the resulting demands for topical prophylaxis and therapy of five skin diseases in dogs

From: Medicinal plants as therapeutic options for topical treatment in canine dermatology? A systematic review

Disease complex

Opportunistic pathogens and other often isolated microbes

Pathophysiology/and pathogenesis/

Main clinical signs

Demands for topical prophylaxis and therapy

Bacteria

Fungi

Pyoderma (pyotraumatic dermatitis, bacterial overgrowth syndrome, intertrigo, furunculosis, mucocutaneous pyoderma etc.)a

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nocardia spp., Actinobacillus spp., Mycobacterium spp., (Staphylococcus schleiferi), Proteus spp., Escherichia coli

 

bacterial infection, (micro-)trauma, moist skin, erosion/ulceration, hemorrhage, inflammation

erythema, oedema), pain, alopecia, pruritus

astringent, wound healing, antipruritic, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory

Canine atopic dermatitisb

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus

Malassezia pachydermatis

allergens, skin barrier dysfunction, secondary infection, inflammation

erythema, pruritus

strengthening of skin barrier, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-erythematous

Otitis externac

Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., β-hemolytic Streptococci, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium spp. (auriscanis), Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis

Malassezia pachydermatis, (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus)

allergy, hypersensitivity, inflammation, secondary infection

pain

antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic

Wounds (traumatic/bite wounds, surgical wounds, wound infections)d

Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria spp., Corynebacterium spp., Moraxella spp., Enterococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Propionibacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis

 

bacterial infection, hemorrhage, inflammation

pain

astringent, wound healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic

Dermatophytosise

 

Microsporum canis, Trichophyton spp., (Microsporum gypseum)

microtrauma

erythema, (pruritus)

antifungal, (anti-pruritic)

  1. a[1, 128, 129]; b [4, 111, 130, 131]; c [7, 112, 132,133,134,135,136]; d [10, 11, 136, 137]; e [3]