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Fig. 5 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 5

From: The unfolded protein response induced by Tembusu virus infection

Fig. 5

Analysis of the ATF6 pathway during TMUV infection. a, Expression of ATF6 after TMUV infection was examined by western blotting using an antibody specific for full-length ATF6. Tubulin was used as an internal control. The intensities of bands were determined using IMAGE J software, and the data represent ratios of TMUV-infected cells to mock-infected cells at the indicated time points. b, Activation of the ATF6 pathway was monitored by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. BHK-21 cells were transfected with pGM-ATF6-Lu or pGM-ERSE-Lu. Firefly luciferase activity was normalized based on Renilla luciferase activity in cells cotransfected with pRL-TK. After 48 h of transfection, the cells were mock infected or infected with TMUV. Cells treated with 1 μM tunicamycin for 12 h or 2.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) for 7 h were used as a positive control. Cells were collected at the indicated time points and assayed for firefly and Renilla luciferase activities. The values represent the means±SD of results from three independent experiments. c, Expression of chaperones induced by TMUV infection. The Y axis shows the fold change of target gene expression in TMUV-infected cells, as determined by the comparative CT method. The data are expressed as the means±SD of results from three independent experiments. * p<0.05 vs. mock-infected cells. d, Protein levels of chaperones were examined by western blotting. The intensities of bands were determined using IMAGE J software, and the data represent ratios of TMUV-infected cells to mock-infected cells at the indicated time points

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