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Fig. 2 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 2

From: Agrimonia procera exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates the expression of defensins and cytokines in colonocytes and increases the immune response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets

Fig. 2

Relative mRNA expression of defensins and cytokines in Caco-2 cells. Relative mRNA expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) in Caco-2 cells a without agrimoniin (AP) pretreatment and b with AP pretreatment for 4 h. Cells were coincubated with or without TNFα (10 ng/ml) and with or without AP (50 μM) for 1 h, 6 h and 24 h. Data represent the mean values ± SD (1 h, 6 h, n = 4; 24 h: n = 3). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with the classification factors AP and TNFα and the interaction between those two factors. Individual means at any given point in time were compared by Fisher’s exact test. Differences between AP-treated (+) and non-AP-treated (−) cells are indicated by asterisks: #p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

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