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Table 1 Total VFA, NH3-N, and lactic acid concentrations, individual VFA proportions, and acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio

From: Changes in ruminal and reticular pH and bacterial communities in Holstein cattle fed a high-grain diet

Items

HAY period

CON period

SEM

Rumen

Reticulum

Rumen

Reticulum

Total VFA, mmol/dL

 08:00

12.21

8.44

9.91

9.47

0.83

 14:00

9.05

9.48

11.60

11.07

0.70

 20:00

8.94

9.66

9.70

9.18

0.40

Acetic acid, %

 08:00

73.58a

75.39

61.12A

66.45

0.53

 14:00

71.91a

73.98

57.23

60.87

1.22

 20:00

70.52A

73.80

59.46A

63.11

1.36

Propionic acid, %

 08:00

17.68

16.73

17.49A

15.21

0.95

 14:00

18.42

17.47

16.72

15.28

1.23

 20:00

19.22A

17.35

18.33A

16.90

1.10

Butyric acid, %

 08:00

7.05

6.37b

17.07A

14.67

0.48

 14:00

8.15Aa

7.27b

21.44

19.63

0.57

 20:00

8.70

7.65

18.52A

16.73

0.59

Others, %

 08:00

1.70

1.51B

4.33

3.67

0.27

 14:00

1.51Aa

1.28B

4.62a

4.21

0.30

 20:00

1.57A

1.20B

3.68a

3.26

0.14

A/P Ratio

 08:00

4.16

4.52

3.58A

4.47

0.26

 14:00

3.91

4.26

3.56

4.12

0.36

 20:00

3.69A

4.27

3.31A

3.82

0.30

NH3-N, mg/dL

 08:00

9.02

8.17

5.62

6.44

0.61

 14:00

4.75

5.21

3.46

2.95

0.51

 20:00

4.70

5.18

5.98

6.33

0.79

Lactic acid, g/L

 08:00

0.018

0.028

0.014

0.015

0.006

 14:00

0.017

0.016

0.015

0.012

0.004

 20:00

0.010A

0.015

0.375

0.381

0.059

  1. A,B denotes significant difference (P < 0.05) between the rumen and reticulum at the same period
  2. a,b denotes significant difference (P < 0.05) between the HAY and CON periods at the same location