Table 2 A preliminary survey of major diseases of ruminants Western Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia (2015–2016)

Tick infestation

Kurdid

53 (94.6)

21 (80.8)

34 (87.2)

Topical lotion with kerosene, picking manually

Lice infestation

Kumal, Kunchi-gobay

35 (62.5)

18 (69.2)

30 (76.9)

Washing with ash

Flea infestation

Kunchi

36 (64.3)

8 (30.8)

9 (23.1)

Dipping in ponds Cutting, shearing, clipping the fur

Biting Flies

Nihbay, Karma

35 (62.5)

10 (38.5)

7 (17.9)

–

Biting Birds

Chirna’e

12 (21.4)

___

___

Chasing from the back, Look after the back of their cattle against biting birds.

Mange mites

Abek, Shuhur, Juri, Hafew

43 (76.8)

23 (88.5)

28 (71.8)

Salt + butter (topical lotion)

Fasciolosis

Kaba

Sheep Kid

Kimanjer

11 (19.6)

___

6 (15.4)

LSD

Enfurur, Kubkubta, Togtogta, Shlimiye

27 (48.2)

10 (38.5)

15 (38.5)

Coffee ceremonial practices, smoking

GIT parasitosis

Wesfat, Gondera

29 (51.8)

13 (50.0)

13 (33.3)

Drenching with sagla (leaf)

Trypanosomosis

Silim

50 (89.3)

18 (69.2)

8 (20.5)

Grass toxicosis

Afel, Efel, Maget

5 (8.9)

5 (19.2)

16 (41.0)

Drenching with yoghurt, Drenching with yoghurt, detergent and sesame oil.

Ovine pasteurellosis

Mieta, Bueta

19 (33.9)

3 (11.5)

3 (7.7)

Incision at facial artery

Caprine-pasteurollosis

Mieta, Bueta

23 (41.1)

10 (38.5)

11 (28.2)

Incision at facial artery

Bovine- pasteurellosis

Yelam-geta, Halafiyien, Hangofta, Shuwta, Kofa

27 (48.2)

15 (57.7)

21 (53.8)

Incision, Cauterization, Withholding water for 2–3 days

Anthrax

Megerem, Nefri

14 (25.0)

8 (30.8)

8 (20.5)

Cauterization

Lungworm

Se’al

2 (3.6)

6 (23.1)

5 (12.8)

–

Arthritis

Kirtimat

4 (7.3)

2 (7.7)

1 (2.6)

Incising,cauterization

Ascites

Himam-kebdi, Wel’e

0 (0.0)

5 (19.2)

8 (20.5)

Cauterization

Shoat pox

Infurur, Shilime

12 (21.4)

2 (7.7)

5 (12.5)

Smoking, coffee ceremonial

Paramphistomiasis

Keyahti-hasaku

6 (10.6)

–

5 (12.8)

–

Rabies

Himam-Ebudkelbi

–

6 (23.1)

4 (10.3)

Drinking whey (for humans)

Delayed heat period

Awra-gedib

3 (5.4)

15 (57.7)

29 (74.4)

–

Leech infestation

Alekti

–

–

4 (10.3)

Nasal drenching with tobacco leaf

Foreign bodies

Lastic

1 (1.8)

3 (11.5)

2 (5.1)

–

Blackleg

Weke’e

9 (16.1)

3 (11.5)

3 (7.7)

Drenching with shenfa’e,cauterization

Bovine Tuberculosis

Menkersa, Zigag

11 (19.6)

–

–

Cauterization,dusting.

Parafilariasis

–

–

4 (10.3)

Lotion with honey

Listroiosis

Azurit

–

–

2 (5.1)

Actinobacilosis

Tokiba

5 (8.9)

–

5 (12.8)

Topical lotion with Butter +Charcoal

Brucellosis

Aber’e

3 (5.4)

5 (19.2)

1 (2.6)

–

Foot rot

Finfin, Hinkasse

8 (16.3)

–

3 (11.5)

Salting

Dermatophilosis

Urit

2 (3.6)

–

2 (5.1)

–

Cow mastitis

Himam-Tub

13 (23.2)

–

2 (5.1)

Cauterization

Contagious Bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

Weke’e–samba, Samba-michi

11 (20.0)

–

5 (12.8)

–

Orf

Kafay

11 (30.6)

4 (25.0)

3 (12.5)

Water (H₂O) + Salt (NaCl)

Pest petis des ruminants (PPR)

Wetetie, Kur

12 (32.4)

4 (25.0)

3 (13.0)

–

Abortion

Chinga’fe, Aber’e

17 (30.4)

3 (11.5)

3 (7.7)

–

Contagious caprinepleuro pneumonia

Sanabu’e Samba-michi

3 (7.9)

–

2 (8.0)

–

Dystocia

Himam-Hirsi

25 (44.6)

2 (7.7)

3 (7.7)

Manual removal

Cysticercosis

Koso

–

–

1 (2.6)

–

Hydatidosis

–

2 (3.6)

–

1 (2.6)

–

Tunga-penetrans

Mojeliye

3 (5.4)

–

1 (2.6)

Manual removal, salting

Retained fetal membrane

Meskab

22 (39.3)

4 (15.4)

5 (12.8)

Local plant medicine+H₂O (drenched)

Uterine prolapsed

Mahtsen Miglbat

11 (19.6)

3 (11.5)

2 (5.1)

Manual intervention

Bloat

Menfahti

3 (5.4)

5 (19.2)

14 (35.9)

Drenching local malt, food oil, caticala/uozo and red peppers(powder), Puncturing(rumen)

Malignant tumor

Mandaeti

1 (1.8)

1 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

–

Phimosis

–

1 (1.8)

2 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

–

Paraphimosis

–

1 (1.8)

1 (3.8)

1 (2.6)

–

Actinomycosis

Zigag

6 (10.7)

2 (7.7)

1 (2.6)

Puncturing, Cauterization

Abscess

Hibat

4 (7.1)

2 (7.7)

2 (5.1)

Incising, cauterization

Metritits

Raksi-mahtsen

9 (16.1)

–

–

–

Thelaziasis

Hasaka-Ayeni

2 (3.6)

3 (11.5)

1 (2.6)

Manual drawing out

Bottle Jaw

–

1 (1.8)

–

3 (7.7)

–

Hyena bite

Zibe’e, Arawit

4 (7.1)

4 (15.4)

2 (5.1)

Slaughtering

Warts/skin cancers

Tuba-adgi

2 (3.6)

5 (19.2)

–

Cauterization, burning