Fig. 1

Rates of Salmonella isolation from samples of cloacal swabs, litter, feed, and water in broiler farms (a); the incidence of multi-drug resistance in isolates from cloacal swabs, litter, feed, and water in broiler farms (b); rates of antimicrobial-resistance in isolates from farms that used ENR and in isolates from farms that did not (c). The chi-square test was used to assess the significance of differences. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and were marked with lowercase letters (a/b/c)