Table 1 Results of univariable analysis for risk factors associated with FMD outbreaks
From: Risk factors for recurrence of FMD outbreaks in Iran: a case-control study in a highly endemic area
Variable | Category | Frequency | Odds ratio | %95 Confidence interval | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | |||||
Type of livestock units | Traditional | 38 | 69 | 0.826 | 0.311–2.197 | 0.702 |
Dairy cattle farms | 8 | 12 | ||||
Hygienic status of the farm | Suitable | 19 | 8 | 6.421 | 2.517–16.383 | < 0.001 |
Not suitable | 27 | 27 | ||||
Vaccination (every 4 months) | Yes | 29 | 75 | 0.203 | 0.25–1.676 | 0.098 |
No | 17 | 6 | ||||
Rappel Vaccination | Yes | 31 | 52 | 0.868 | 0.403–1.866 | 0.435 |
No | 15 | 29 | ||||
Transportation of livestock | Yes | 29 | 26 | 0.227 | 0.130–0.592 | 0.001 |
No | 17 | 55 | ||||
Feed transport vehicles visited The farm | Yes | 26 | 35 | 0.0585 | 0.282–1.215 | 0.149 |
No | 20 | 46 | ||||
Entrance of manure unloading vehicles | Yes | 21 | 41 | 0.800 | 0.359–1.782 | 0.585 |
No | 32 | 60 | ||||
Entrance of Vehicles carrying Milk | Yes | 30 | 50 | 0.860 | 0.405–1.829 | 0.695 |
No | 16 | 31 | ||||
Entrance of vaccinator groups | Yes | 28 | 40 | 0.627 | 0.301–1.308 | 0.212 |
No | 18 | 41 | ||||
Entrance of artificial insemination groups | Yes | 22 | 36 | 0.873 | 0.422–1.803 | 0.713 |
No | 24 | 45 | ||||
Inhibition of livestock dealers’ entry into the farm | Yes | 27 | 23 | 0.279 | 0.130–0.597 | 0.001 |
No | 19 | 58 | ||||
Farm owners associated with livestock market | Yes | 37 | 43 | 0.275 | 0.118–0.643 | 0.002 |
No | 9 | 38 | ||||
People associated with milk collection, artificial insemination and manure collection | Yes | 38 | 69 | 1.211 | 0.455–3.22 | 0.702 |
No | 8 | 12 | ||||