Table 5 Analysis of risk factors for limb movement, head lifting and/or vocalisation in goat kids anaesthetised with different anaesthesia protocols for horn disbudding. Final generalized estimation equation model correcting for the effect of the herd, n = 30 herds and 165 goat kids (CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference). The three goat kids of the acepromazine-ketamine group were excluded (to small group for statistical analysis). Six goat kids of the other four groups were excluded due to firm restraint
Risk factor | Odds Ratio | 95%CI OR | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
Anaesthesia protocol | 0.003 | ||
Recommended xylazine-ketamine mixture | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Xylazine-ketamine (other dosage) | 1.1 | 0.3–3.4 | 0.915 |
Xylazine | 1.8 | 0.3–9.4 | 0.503 |
Xylazine-Lidocaine | 0.1 | 0.0–0.3 | < 0.001 |
Intervention of goat owner during induction | 0.002 | ||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 3.5 | 1.6–7.9 | < 0.001 |