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Table 1 Morphological grading system [60, 61]

From: Inflammatory pattern of the infrapatellar fat pad in dogs with canine cruciate ligament disease

Grade

Structure

0 (normal)

1 (mild)

2 (moderate)

3 (severe)

Synovitisa

Thin synovial membrane with thin scattered vessels

Isolated thickening of synovial membrane with granulations and small vessels

Synovial membrane with abundant villous projections and large vessels

Synovial membrane with large villi and abundant vasculature

Osteophytesb

none

solitary

multiple

confluent

Medial meniscus

normal

Fibrillated surface

Undisplaced tear

Displaced tear

Articular cartilage lesionsc

none

Solitary fibrillation

Multiple areas of fibrillation up to solitary erosion

Multiple erosions to the level of subchondral bone

  1. aArthroscopic evaluation of the synovial membrane
  2. bDevelopment of osteophytes along the femoral condyles, the dorsal aspect of the patellar sulcus and within the femoral notch itself, evaluated via arthroscopy
  3. cArea of femoral trochlea visualized via arthroscopy