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Table 3 The combined effect of risk factors according to the multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression model for caprine herpesvirus-1 infection in Piedmont (Italy). N = 2879 (PR = prevalence ratio)

From: A cross-sectional study to identify a set of risk factors for caprine herpesvirus 1 infection

Risk factor

Exposure level

PR (95% CI)

P-values

Breed

Saanen

Referent

 

Chamoisee

2.9 (1.0–8.7)

0.053

Alpine

4.2 (1.4–12.5)

0.009

All others

4.4 (1.6–12.1)

0.005

Age

1 (2–16 months)

Referent

 

2 (17–31 months)

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

0.073

3 (32–56 months)

2.9 (1.9–4.4)

0.000

4 (> 56 months)

3.6 (2.3–5.5)

0.000

Breeding type

Dairy

Referent

 

Meat/mixed

11.5 (1.2–113.8)

0.037

Management type

Confined

1.0

 

Extensive

8.7 (2.8–27.2)

0.000

Herd size (n. of animals)

1 (< 9 goats)

Referent

 

2 (9–21 goats)

1.4 (0.7–3.0)

0.323

3 (> 21 goats)

2.7 (1.4–5.3)

0.003

Presence of CAEV-infected goats

No

Referent

 

Yes

5.4 (2.3–12.8)

0.000

  1. Likelihood-ratio test (mixed-effects model vs. fixed-effects model): P-value = 0.000