Table 2 Association between CpHV-1 seropositivity and potential herd-level risk factors as estimated by univariate analysis for caprine herpesvirus-1 infection in Piedmont (Italy). N = 4542 (PR = prevalence ratio)
From: A cross-sectional study to identify a set of risk factors for caprine herpesvirus 1 infection
Risk factor | Exposure level | No. tested animals | No. positive animals | Prevalence (%) | PR (95% CI) | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of CAEV-infected goats | No | 1610 | 57 | 3.5 | Referent | |
Yes | 2132 | 428 | 20.1 | 5.7 (4.3–7.5) | 0.000 | |
Breeding type | Dairy | 859 | 8 | 0.93 | Referent | |
Meat/mixed | 3581 | 613 | 17.1 | 18.4 (9.2–36.9) | 0.000 | |
Management type | Confined | 1753 | 104 | 5.9 | Referent | |
Extensive | 2665 | 505 | 18.8 | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | 0.000 | |
Herd size (no. of animals)* | 1 (< 9 goats) | 506 | 50 | 9.9 | Referent | |
2 (9–21 goats) | 777 | 99 | 12.7 | 1.3 (0.91–1.8) | 0.143 | |
3 (> 21 goats) | 3259 | 481 | 14.8 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.007 | |
Presence of co-inhabitant cattle | No | 2221 | 158 | 7.1 | Referent | |
Yes | 2321 | 472 | 20.3 | 2.9 (2.4–3.4) | 0.000 |