Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain

Table 1 Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of Giardia duodenalis in dogs, as determined by direct fluorescent antibody assay. Results have been categorized according to sex, status, and geographical region of origin of the investigated dogs (n = 348) from Castellón, Spain, 2014–2016. Chi-square determined P-values are indicated

Variable	No.	Giardia duodenalis	Percent	95% CI	P-value
Sex^a
Male	158	46	29.1	22.6–36.6	.513
Female	119	39	32.8	25.0–41.6
Status
Sheltered dog	218	88	40.4	34.1–47.0	.045
Breeding dog	24	11	45.8	27.9–64.9
Pet dog	14	5	35.7	16.3–61.2
Hunting dog	68	14	20.6	12.7–31.6
Shepherd dog	24	9	37.5	21.2–57.3
Origin^b
Alcalatén	5	4	80.0	37.6–96.4	.152^c
Alto Palancia	10	4	40.0	16.8–68.7
Alto Maestrazgo	12	2	16.7	4.7–44.8
Bajo Maestrazgo	175	73	41.7	34.7–49.1
Plana Baja	45	14	31.1	19.5–45.7
Plana Alta	101	30	29.7	21.7–39.2

^aNo data available from 71 dogs
^bPlace of living of the dog at the moment of sampling. For sheltered dogs the term refers to the municipality where the animal was captured or surrendered
^cDogs from the municipality of Alcalatén were not included in the statistical analysis because of low sample size