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Table 1 Description of some of the non-numerical parameters regarding cattle herd management and performance in Western Uganda

From: Biosecurity aspects of cattle production in Western Uganda, and associations with seroprevalence of brucellosis, salmonellosis and bovine viral diarrhoea

 

Kabarole

n (%)

Kamwenge

n (%)

Kasese

n (%)

Total study area

n (%)

Total

55

49

40

144

Herd size*

 2-5

35 (64)

13 (26.5)

2 (5)

50 (34.7)

 6-10

11 (20)

14 (28.6)

7 (17.5)

32 (22.2)

 11-20

4 (7.3)

11 (22.4)

6 (15)

21 (14.6)

 21-50

5 (9.1)

6 (12.2)

14 (35)

25 (17.4)

 51-100

0

3 (6.1)

9 (22.5)

12 (8.3)

 101-150

0

0

0

0

 151-200

0

2 (4.1)

2 (5)

4 (2.8)

Purpose of cattle *

 Beef

0

0

2 (5)

2 (1.4)

 Dairy

24 (43.6)

19 (38.8)

7 (17.5)

50 (34.7)

 Dairy and beef

29 (52.7)

30 (61.2)

27 (67.5)

86 (59.7)

 Other

2 (3.6)

0

4 (10)

6 (4.2)

Cattle care by

 Husband/wife*

54 (98.2)

35 (71.4)

21 (52.5)

110 (76.4)

 Other family*

43 (78.2)

26 (53.1)

18 (45.0)

87 (60.4)

 Employees*

18 (32.7)

27 (55.1)

26 (65.0)

71 (49.3)

Decision regarding cattle made by

 Husband/wife

54 (98.2)

47 (95.9)

39 (97.5)

140 (97.2)

 Other family*

22 (40.0)

12 (24.4)

3 (7.5)

37 (25.7)

 Employees

0

1 (2.0)

0

1 (0.7)

You, family, employees have contact with other’s cattle*

26 (47.2)

18 (36.7)

29 (72.5)

73 (50.7)

Visitors to cattle

 Wash hands before

6 (10.9)

5 (10.2)

9 (22.5)

20 (13.9)

 Clean boots or feet

0

3 (6.1)

2 (5.0)

5 (3.5)

Share equipment with other farmers

20 (36.4)

11 (22.4)

8 (20.0)

39 (27.1)

Farmers in area help each other with cattle

21 (38.2)

21 (42.9)

22 (55.0)

64 (44.4)

New cattle put directly with the herd

 Always

47 (85.5)

37 (75.5)

30 (75.0)

114 (79.2)

 Never

2 (3.6)

5 (10.2)

4 (10.0)

11 (7.6)

 Sometimes

1 (1.8)

0

1 (2.5)

2 (1.4)

 Never bought

3 (5.5)

5 (10.2)

4 (12.5)

13 (9.0)

 Missing value

2 (3.6)

2 (4.1)

0

4 (2.8)

Preventive measures for healthy cattle last 12 months

 Tick spray/ dip

54 (98.2)

48 (98.0)

40 (100)

142 (98.6)

 Traditional medicine

1 (1.8)

2 (4.1)

0

3 (2.1)

 Cattle kept separate from other cattle herds

1 (1.8)

2 (4.1)

4 (10)

7 (4.9)

 Antibiotics or other drugs*

39 (70.9)

45 (91.8)

39 (97.5)

123 (85.4)

 Deworming

53 (96.4)

46 (93.9)

39 (97.5)

138 (95.8)

 Vaccination*

8 (14.5)

2 (4.1)

12 (30.0)

22 (15.2)

Has own bull*

10 (18.2)

24 (49.0)

26 (65.0)

60 (41.7)

Use communal bull*

42 (76.4)

24 (49.0)

14 (35.0)

80 (55.6)

Use artificial insemination

7 (12.7)

1 (2.0)

1 (2.5)

9 (6.3)

Cattle on pasture

51 (92.7)

49 (100)

40 (100)

140 (97.2)

Cattle on pasture tethered*

16 (29.1)

11 (22.4)

1 (2.5)

28 (19.4)

Fenced pastures*

 Yes

24 (43.6)

16 (32.7)

13 (32.5)

53 (36.8)

 Yes, partly

19 (34.5)

22 (44.9)

5 (12.5)

46 (31.9)

 No

8 (14.5)

11 (22.4)

22 (55)

41 (28.5)

Shared pasture

18 (32.7)

19 (38.8)

24 (60.0)

61 (42.4)

Use pasture in national park*

1 (1.8)

0

17 (42.5)

18 (12.5)

Wildlife on the pasture

22 (40.0)

15 (30.6)

23 (57.5)

60 (41.7)

Water to cattle from open water*

23 (41.8)

9 (18.4)

35 (87.5)

67 (46.5)

Water to cattle from a well*

27 (49.1)

42 (85.7)

2 (5.0)

71 (49.3)

Water to cattle from tap

9 (16.4)

1 (2.0)

4 (10.0)

14 (9.7)

Other livestock on the farm or in the household

52 (94.5)

47 (95.9)

35 (87.5)

134 (93.1)

 goat

45 (81.8)

40 (81.6)

28 ()70.0

113 (78.5)

 chicken

40 (72.7)

39 (79.6)

28 (70.0)

107 (74.3)

 pig*

18 (32.7)

11 (22.4)

2 (5.0)

31 (21.5)

 dog*

24 (43.6)

5 (10.2)

8 (20.0)

37 (25.7)

Farmer was satisfied with the health of the cattle over the last 12 months*

43 (78.2)

41 (83.7)

20 (50.0)

104 (72.2)

  1. * Statistically significant (p < 0.01) difference between districts at Fisher exact test
  2. Data from an interview with the farm owner or manager of 144 cattle herds in Western Uganda. All variables refer to the last 12 months prior to the sampling occasion. The study was performed in 2015