African animal trypanosomiasis as a constraint to livestock health and production in Karamoja region: a detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment

Table 2 Relative cost of managing main livestock diseases in Karamoja region

Disease	Karamoja region cattle	Number affected annually^c	Direct Cost (UGX) of managing a case	Total Direct costs (billion UGX)	Total Indirect costs^a (billion UGX)	Total costs
Disease	Karamoja region cattle	Number affected annually^c	Direct Cost (UGX) of managing a case	Total Direct costs (billion UGX)	Total Indirect costs^a (billion UGX)	Total Costs (billion UGX)	Total (million USD)
Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Cowdriosis	2,600,000	468,000.0	25,000.0	11.7	9.1	20.8	6.1
ECF		468,000.0	75,000.0	35.1	27.4	62.5	18.3
Nagana		452,400.0^d	3-4000^b	5.4	4.2	9.6	2.8
Total	2,600,000	1,388,400.0		52.2	40.7	92.9	27.2

Uganda shillings (UGX), United States Dollars (USD)
Costs were triangulated from responses of 20 kraal leaders’ focus groups as well as 21 individual key informants. Abroad brush analysis was undertaken using already published literature to generate indicative costs of dealing with AAT and TBDs
^a Direct cost of managing vector-borne diseases like TBDs and AAT have previously been noted to be ~77.6% of the direct costs [9, 41]
^b 4 Curative (diminazene) treatments per year (total UGX 12,000) or 3 prophylactic (isometamidium) treatments per year (UGX 12, 000)
^c Tick-borne diseases (ECF, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis) have been reported recently to have an incidence rate of 18% in the Karamoja region [22]
^d Represents 17.4% of all cattle in Karamoja region; the proportion that this study found to be infected with at least a single economically important trypanosome

ISSN: 1746-6148