Table 1 Means and standard deviations of ruminal variables in the control group and in the groups supplemented with monensin and yeast culture at various time points

6.60 ± 0.12^a

4.81 ± 0.29^c

4.45 ± 0.05^Bcd

4.50 ± 0.30^cd

4.35 ± 0.30^d

4.76 ± 0.57^Bc

5.70 ± 0.75^Bc

0.01

0.01

0.14

6.79 ± 0.23^a

4.80 ± 0.13^c

5.21 ± 0.53^Ac

4.96 ± 0.55^c

4.79 ± 0.37^c

5.47 ± 0.39^ABbc

6.41 ± 0.61^ABab

6.72 ± 0.17^a

4.87 ± 0.18^b

4.80 ± 0.12^ABb

4.50 ± 0.35^b

4.85 ± 0.77^b

6.36 ± 0.59^Aa

7.08 ± 0.35^Aa

38.8 ± 0.6^c

40.4 ± 0.5^b

41.1 ± 0.2^Aa

38.4 ± 0.7^cd

38.1 ± 0.6^cd

37.8 ± 1.5^Bde

37.7 ± 1.5^Be

0.03

0.01

0.13

38.5 ± 0.6^b

40.0 ± 0.5^a

40.4 ± 0.2^Ba

39.7 ± 0.7^ab

39.5 ± 0.6^ab

40.2 ± 1.5^Aa

40.0 ± 1.5^Aa

39.0 ± 0.2^b

40.7 ± 0.6^a

40.6 ± 0.4^ABa

39.7 ± 1.1^ab

39.5 ± 1.6^ab

39.9 ± 0.6^Aab

40.0 ± 0.4^Aab

274 ± 19^b

453 ± 75^Aa

357 ± 92^ab

309 ± 29^A

328 ± 67^Ab

306 ± 14^Ab

309 ± 21^Aab

0.02

0.01

0.09

253 ± 12

377 ± 89^B

284 ± 75

307 ± 81^A

339 ± 42^A

256 ± 42^AB

218 ± 34^B

206 ± 13^b

293 ± 42^Bab

299 ± 42^a

278 ± 77^Bab

234 ± 26^Bab

205 ± 53^Bab

202 ± 22^Bab

0.47 ± 0.1^d

33.6 ± 11^bcd

68.3 ± 27^ab

69.4 ± 30^ab

81.2 ± 33^Aa

47.8 ± 20^Aabc

15.2 ± 42^Acd

0.01

0.01

0.14

0.34 ± 0.1^c

30.3 ± 12^ab

39.9 ± 17^ab

42.9 ± 18^a

41.6 ± 12^ABa

26.2 ± 18^Aab

16.2 ± 80^Ac

0.26 ± 0.3^c

22.3 ± 52^bc

38.9 ± 11^ab

51.0 ± 19^a

33.0 ± 20^Bab

1.39 ± 0.9^Bc

0.45 ± 0.1^Bc