BMC Veterinary Research

Table 1 Means and standard deviations of ruminal variables in the control group and in the groups supplemented with monensin and yeast culture at various time points

From: Comparative assessment of probiotics and monensin in the prophylaxis of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep

		Time points								p
Variable	Groups	T0 h	T6 h	T12 h	T18 h	T24 h	T36 h	T48 h	Trat	Time	Trat*Time
pH	Control	6.60 ± 0.12^a	4.81 ± 0.29^c	4.45 ± 0.05^Bcd	4.50 ± 0.30^cd	4.35 ± 0.30^d	4.76 ± 0.57^Bc	5.70 ± 0.75^Bc	0.01	0.01	0.14
	Monensin	6.79 ± 0.23^a	4.80 ± 0.13^c	5.21 ± 0.53^Ac	4.96 ± 0.55^c	4.79 ± 0.37^c	5.47 ± 0.39^ABbc	6.41 ± 0.61^ABab
	Yeast	6.72 ± 0.17^a	4.87 ± 0.18^b	4.80 ± 0.12^ABb	4.50 ± 0.35^b	4.85 ± 0.77^b	6.36 ± 0.59^Aa	7.08 ± 0.35^Aa
Temperature (°C)	Control	38.8 ± 0.6^c	40.4 ± 0.5^b	41.1 ± 0.2^Aa	38.4 ± 0.7^cd	38.1 ± 0.6^cd	37.8 ± 1.5^Bde	37.7 ± 1.5^Be	0.03	0.01	0.13
	Monensin	38.5 ± 0.6^b	40.0 ± 0.5^a	40.4 ± 0.2^Ba	39.7 ± 0.7^ab	39.5 ± 0.6^ab	40.2 ± 1.5^Aa	40.0 ± 1.5^Aa
	Yeast	39.0 ± 0.2^b	40.7 ± 0.6^a	40.6 ± 0.4^ABa	39.7 ± 1.1^ab	39.5 ± 1.6^ab	39.9 ± 0.6^Aab	40.0 ± 0.4^Aab
Osmolarity* (mOsm/L)	Control	274 ± 19^b	453 ± 75^Aa	357 ± 92^ab	309 ± 29^A	328 ± 67^Ab	306 ± 14^Ab	309 ± 21^Aab	0.02	0.01	0.09
	Monensin	253 ± 12	377 ± 89^B	284 ± 75	307 ± 81^A	339 ± 42^A	256 ± 42^AB	218 ± 34^B
	Yeast	206 ± 13^b	293 ± 42^Bab	299 ± 42^a	278 ± 77^Bab	234 ± 26^Bab	205 ± 53^Bab	202 ± 22^Bab
Lactate L (mmol/L)	Control	0.47 ± 0.1^d	33.6 ± 11^bcd	68.3 ± 27^ab	69.4 ± 30^ab	81.2 ± 33^Aa	47.8 ± 20^Aabc	15.2 ± 42^Acd	0.01	0.01	0.14
	Monensin	0.34 ± 0.1^c	30.3 ± 12^ab	39.9 ± 17^ab	42.9 ± 18^a	41.6 ± 12^ABa	26.2 ± 18^Aab	16.2 ± 80^Ac
	Yeast	0.26 ± 0.3^c	22.3 ± 52^bc	38.9 ± 11^ab	51.0 ± 19^a	33.0 ± 20^Bab	1.39 ± 0.9^Bc	0.45 ± 0.1^Bc

Upper-case letters in columns denote statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups throughout least square means test. Lower-case letters in rows denote statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between time points by analysis of variance for measurements repeated over time. * Osmolarity presented difference in the T0 h, thus those values were included as covariates in the statistical analyses of this variable

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