Evaluation of intravenous regional anaesthesia and four-point nerve block efficacy in the distal hind limb of dairy cows

Table 3 Hormonal-metabolic (blood concentrations of cortisol, lactate, glucose, and NEFA) and cardio-respiratory stress responses (HR, RR, MAP; mean ± SEM) in standing cows to removal of the metatarsal tourniquet used for IVRA in a hind limb (intravenous regional anaesthesia, N = 8)

		Time	Relative	To	Tourniquet	Removal	(Min)	Statistics		(p-values)
		t-5		t10		t20
Parameter	Group	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Group	Time	Group*time
Cortisol	IVRA	76.2	6.8	72.7	7.0	62.9	7.2	0.83	0.002	0.84
(ng/ml)	NBA	72.9		71.7		61.0
Lactate	IVRA	5.71	0.94	5.02	0.85	3.52	0.61	0.82	< 0.001	0.27
(mmol/l)	NBA	5.14		4.70		3.63
Glucose	IVRA	5.17	0.34	5.17	0.32	5.35	0.35	0.49	0.017	0.32
(mmol/l)	NBA	5.34		5.53		5.81
NEFA	IVRA	481^a	62	435	59	315	44	0.11	< 0.001	0.015
(μmol/l)	NBA	297^b		293		246
HR	IVRA	84	8	86	6	80	6	0.97	0.088	0.16
(1/min)	NBA	95		79		76
RR	IVRA	39.5	4.1	34.8	5.2	30.0	3.2	0.34	0.007	0.71
(1/min)	NBA	32.0		30.8		25.3
MAP	IVRA	168^a	4	151 ^a	3	146 ^a	3	0.004	< 0.001	0.010
(mmHg)	NBA	142^b		142^b		135^b

Recordings at corresponding time points in cows after NBA in which no tourniquet was used (hindfoot nerve block anaesthesia, N = 8; t-5: 5 min before, and t10, t20: 10 and 20 min after tourniquet removal in IVRA cows and at corresponding time points in NBA cows). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between corresponding group mean values at specific time points are indicated by different superscript letters (a,b). Bold mean values indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean values within groups compared to baseline values
NEFA non-esterified fatty acids, HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate, MAP mean arterial blood pressure

ISSN: 1746-6148