Fig. 3From: Patellofemoral kinematics in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency: an in-vivo fluoroscopic analysis during walkingPF craniocaudal translation (a), proximodistal translation (b), and flexion-extension (c), over the entire gait cycle. Orange line = CrCL-deficient, Blue line = control. Solid line = swing phase, dotted line = stance phase. Lines represent the mean values for all dogs; The shaded areas represent standard deviation and * represents a statistically significant difference at that time point. There was no significant difference in craniocaudal translation throughout stance phase between CrCL-deficient and control stifles, but the patella was more caudal in CrCL-deficient stifles when compared to control stifles in part of swing phase. The patella was more distal and held in greater flexion in CrCL-deficient stifles when compared to control stifles throughout the entire gait cycleBack to article page