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Table 3 Categorisation of individual outcomes from 126 trials (960 outcomes)

From: Sponsorship bias and quality of randomised controlled trials in veterinary medicine

 

Outcomes from trials with pharmaceutical funding/involvement

Outcomes from trials with non-pharmaceutical funding stated

Outcomes from trials with no funding source stated

Outcomes from all trials

Positive outcomes

56.9% (339/596)a

34.9% (66/189)b

29.1% (51/175)b

47.5% (456/960)

Negative outcomes

23.5% (140/596)a

37.6% (71/189)b

37.1% (65/175)b

28.8% (276/960)

No difference

0.8% (5/596)a

2.6% (5/189)a,b

4.6% (8/175)b

1.9% (18/960)

Described only

12.8% (76/596)

16.9% (32/189)

18.9% (33/175)

14.7% (141/960)

Not reported

6.0% (36/596)s

7.9% (15/189)

10.3% (18/175)

7.2% (69/960)

  1. Data shown as percentages and raw numbers in brackets. Significant differences (p < 0.05) existing between funding categories within rows are indicated by differing subscript letters. (No subscript letters in a row signifiy no significant differences. The presence of a subscript letter (e.g. ‘a’ in a cell indicates that it is significantly different from a cell marked with a different letter (e.g. ‘b’). If a cell has two subscript letters (e.g. ‘a,b’) then it is different from cells individually marked with each letter)