Fig. 1
From: Degenerative changes of the canine cervical spine after discectomy procedures, an in vivo study
Radiograph of the lower cervical spine. a Lateral view, discectomy segment C5/C6 compared to adjacent healthy control C6/C7. Red arrow marks both disc spaces. The discectomy segment is almost completely collapsed. The neuroforamen of both segments are marked with a yellow ellipse. Loss in disc height subsequently lead to a loss of foraminal height. Both segments show no signs of kyphotic or lordotic deformity. b Ventro-dorsal view of the same specimen. Red arrow points to the disc space which is significantly narrowed at C5/C6. c Lateral view of different specimen. Bony endplates are marked with yellow ellipse. The healthy endplate at C6/C7 shows trabecular bone pattern. Sclerotic changes of the degenerated bony endplate at C5/C6. Endplate is more radio dense indicating increased cortical bone and decreased trabecular bone. Red arrow marks an osteophyte which formed ventrally at the C5 vertebral body