In vitro physiological and antibacterial characterization of ZnO nanoparticle composites in simulated porcine gastric and enteric fluids

Table 2 Antimicrobial activity of commercial ZnO, ZnO nano, ZnO/CAT and ZnO/CA against Escherichia coli

Samples	Sample concentration (μg/mL)	Concentration of incorporated Zn²⁺ (μg/mL)^a	E. coli inhibition (%)
Commercial ZnO	200	198	12.7 ± 0.7
	500	495	100 ± 0.00
ZnO nano	250	195	26.7 ± 2.0
	300	234	45.0 ± 0.6
	350	273	100 ± 0.0
ZnO/CAT	1700	173	6.8 ± 0.3
	2000	204	56.0 ± 0.6
	2250	229.5	100 ± 0.0
ZnO/CA	500	63	4.6 ± 0.9
	750	94.5	44.0 ± 1.1
	1000	126	100 ± 0.0

^aAverage concentration of incorporated Zn²⁺ as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry: commercial ZnO, 99%; ZnO nano, 78 mass%; ZnO/CAT, 10.2 mass%; ZnO/CA, 12.6 mass%

ISSN: 1746-6148