Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation and Syringomyelia have increased variability of spatio-temporal gait characteristics

Table 2 Results of the mixed effect model comparisons between CM, CMSM and control groups

Comparison of Groups	Variable	Stride^e length	Ipsilateral paw distance^f	Step cycle^g	Stance time^h	Pelvic distanceⁱ	Thoracic distance^j
Control vs. CM^a & CMSM^b	Value^c	0.17	0.42	0.42	0.08	0.71	0.02^k
Control vs CM^a	Value	0.06	0.12	0.85	0.02^k	0.48	0.11
Control vs CMSM^b	Value	0.63	0.84	0.20	0.50	0.92	0.01^k
Control vs. CM^a & CMSM^b	CV^d	<0.001^k	0.01^k	0.41	0.69	0.86	0.10
Control vs CM^a	CV	0.003^k	0.04^k	0.05	0.22	0.67	0.33
Control vs CMSM^b	CV	0.001^k	0.02^k	0.60	0.68	0.42	0.06

^a CM Chiari like malformation, ^b CMSM Chiari like malformation and syringomyelia, ^cThe actual values compared between groups, ^d CV Coefficient of Variation, ^e Stride length (m), Fore-aft distance (m) travelled by the paw during a stride, ^f Ipsilateral paw distance (m) Fore-aft distance between ground contact location from thoracic limb paw to pelvic limb paw, ^g Step Cycle, Time in seconds from paw contact to the next paw contact on the same limb; ^h Stance time Time in seconds from paw contact to the paw is lifted from the ground, ⁱ Pelvic distance (cm) Latero-medial distance between contact location of the left pelvic limb paw to the right pelvic limb paw, ^j Thoracic distance (cm): Latero-medial distance between contact location of the left thoracic limb paw to the right thoracic limb paw. ^kSignificant difference between groups

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