Table 1 Seroprevalence to WNV and antigenically-related flaviviruses in wild ruminants in Spain
Variable | Categories | No. examineda/positive (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Species | Red deer | 4335/148 (3.4) | 0.174 |
Fallow deer | 201/2 (1.0) | ||
Mouflon | 125/3 (2.4) | ||
Roe deer | 32/0 (0.0) | ||
Age class | Juveniles | 56/1 (1.8) | 0.628 |
Sub-adults | 221/8 (3.6) | ||
Adults | 607/26 (4.3) | ||
Sex | Females | 949/24 (2.5) | 0.217 |
Males | 893/29 (3.2) | ||
Bioregion | 1 | 437/1 (0.2) | <0.001 |
2 | 506/3 (0.6) | ||
3 | 2164/61 (2.8) | ||
4 | 230/4 (1.7) | ||
5 | 998/79 (7.9) | ||
Year | 2003 | 502/9 (1.8) | <0.001 |
2004 | 179/1 (0.6) | ||
2005 | 338/5 (1.5) | ||
2006 | 446/12(2.7) | ||
2007 | 664/13 (2.0) | ||
2008 | 551/15 (2.7) | ||
2009 | 555/21 (3.8) | ||
2010 | 576/20 (3.5) | ||
2011 | 250/44 (17.6) | ||
2012 | 74/1 (1.4) | ||
2013 | 140/5 (3.6) | ||
2014 | 60/2 (3.3) | ||
Season | Autumn | 1754/52 (3.0) | 0.017 |
Spring | 377/10 (2.7) | ||
Summer | 503/29 (5.8) | ||
Winter | 1701/57 (3.4) | ||
Wetland area | Presence | 1634/109 (6.7) | <0.001 |
Absence | 2701/39 (1.4) | ||
Status | Free-living | 3073/74 (2.4) | <0.001 |
Farmed | 1262/74 (5.9) |