Modelling concentrations of antimicrobial drugs: comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antimicrobials and accuracy of allometric scaling in food-producing and companion animals

Table 2 Extrapolated volume of distribution and clearance by allometric scaling versus volume of distribution and clearance

Cephalosporin	(Animal) species	Reported body weight (kg)	Extrapolated volume of distribution (L/kg)	Extrapolated clearance (L/kg/h)	Observed volume of distribution (L/kg)	Observed clearance (L/kg/h)	Reference
Ceftriaxone	Human	72	0.40	0.28	0.11 ± 0.02	0.012 ^a	Paradis [34]
	Human	79	0.39	0.28	0.12 ± 0.02	0.011 ^c	Chiu [50]
Ceftazidime	Human	72.0	0.35	0.15	0.21 ± 0.03	0.095 ± 0.014 ^a	Paradis [34]
	Human	70.8	0.35	0.15	0.204 ± 0.02	0.069 ± 0.011^e	Paulfeuerborn [35]
Cefepime	Human	70	0.21	0.09	0.23	0.092 ^b	Bacher [51]
	Human	74	0.21	0.09	0.25	0.101 ^b	Barbhaiya [52]
Ceftiofur	Goat (non-lactating)	58.5	0.53	0.06	0.25	0.067 ^a	Courtin [53]
	Camel	400	0.97	0.09	0.13 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.001	Goudah [54]
	Asian elephant	3530	1.91	0.15	0.51 ± 0.29	0.069 ± 0.043	Dumonceaux [55]
Cefquinome	Duck	2.2	0.25	0.27	0.41 ± 0.04	0.22 ± 0.02	Yuan [56]
	Buffalo	123	0.21	0.15	0.26 ± 0.006	0.061 ^d	Dinakaran [57]

Data are observed values from pharmacokinetic studies after intravenous administration of cephalosporin to healthy subjects. Values are reported as value ± SD where possible
^a Recalculated from ml/kg/min. ^b Recalculated from ml/min. ^c Recalculated from L/h. ^d Recalculated from ml/kg/h. ^e Recalculated from ml/min/1.73 m² (assuming 1.73 m² equals a 70 kg weighing human)

ISSN: 1746-6148