Systematic review of management strategies to control chronic wasting disease in wild deer populations in North America

Table 3 Effectiveness^* of 4 intervention strategies for CWD control in wild deer in North America

Study	Intervention strategy
Study	Selective removal	Non-selective removal		Seasonal (summer) hunting	Vaccination
Predictive modeling studies
Gross and Miller, 2001, J Wildl Manage [20]	Effective^a,b
Wasserberg et al., 2009, J Appl Ecol [21]		Effective
Wild et al., 2011, J Wildl Dis [22]	Effective^c
Potapov et al., 2012, Proc R Soc B [23]		Effective^d			Effective
Jennelle et al., 2014, PLOS One [24]	Effective^e		Not effective
Oraby et al., 2014, J Theor Biol [25]				Effective
Analytical observational studies
Conner et al., 2007, Ecol Appl [26]			Not effective
Mateus-Pinilla et al., 2013, Prev Vet Med [27]		Effective
Manjerovic et al., 2014, Prev Vet Med [28]		Effective

^*All models showed some degree of effectiveness depending on parameters and scenarios chosen. Effectiveness was defined based on the extent to which the specific management objectives were achieved or were projected to be achieved by the specific intervention. Most studies, depending on the specific objectives, were considered effective when the control measure either maintained CWD at low prevalence or reduced it to low or zero prevalence
^aPreferential removal of infected deer
^bEffective only when CWD prevalence was low (0.01 and 0.05) and when 80–90 % of infected deer could be removed after 80 years of intervention
^cPreferential removal of infected deer by large predators
^dEffective only when assuming a FD transmission of CWD but not when assuming a DD transmission
^ePreferential removal of infected deer by targeting males which have a higher prevalence