Table 3 Concentrations, and ratios, of early biomarkers of renal damage in dogs, at the initiation (Week -1) and the end (Week 24) of a 24-wk period of consumption of PEGB at 4, 20 or 40 mg/kg/d. (Data are means ± SEM, n = 6/group; minima and maxima values are mentioned in parenthesis)
From: A mixed grape and blueberry extract is safe for dogs to consume
PEGB | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomarkers | Units | Control | 4 mg/kg/d | 20 mg/kg/d | 40 mg/kg/d | ||||
Week -1 | Week 24 | Week -1 | Week 24 | Week -1 | Week 24 | Week -1 | Week 24 | ||
Plasma CysC | μg/mL | 1.2 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.6) | 1.1 ± 0.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.3 ± 0.2 (0.6–1.7) | 1.2 ± 0.2 (0.5–1.8) | 1.2 ± 0.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 ± 0.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.5 ± 0.2 (1.1–2.2) | 1.3 ± 0.1 (0.9–1.6) |
Urinary CysC/Creat ratio | μg/g | 19 ± 17 (0–105) | 14 ± 10 (0–62) | 5 ± 4 (0–20) | 4 ± 1 (0–9) | 27 ± 14 (3–96) | 21 ± 12 (3–79) | 12 ± 4 (2–26) | 4 ± 1 (0–9) |
Urinary Clu/Creat ratio | ng/g | 79 ± 20 (7–134) | 135 ± 66 (6–443) | 44 ± 13 (3–99) | 94 ± 69 (10–437) | 63 ± 28 (6–170) | 56 ± 25 (12–175) | 84 ± 23 (18–163) | 47 ± 20 (9–132) |
Urinary NGAL/Creat ratio | ng/g | 7.6 ± 3.0 (0.6–21.1) | 7.2 ± 2.5 (1.2–16.5) | 7.9 ± 4.5 (0.6–28.5) | 4.9 ± 1.4 (0.9–9.5) | 4.2 ± 1.8 (1.0–12.8) | 3.5 ± 0.3 (2.5–4.0) | 5.4 ± 1.0 (2.3–9.4) | 4.6 ± 1.4 (1.8–10.0) |