Serological response and protection level evaluation in chickens exposed to grains coated with I2 Newcastle disease virus for effective oral vaccination of village chickens

Table 4 Dependency of morbidity, mortality and survival rate of chickens on types of vaccine carrier used to resist virulent strain ND virus challenge after three times vaccination

Vaccine carrier type	Chicks N†	Mean HI titer	# morbidity (%)	# death total	#mortality^a (%)	Lower 95 % CI	Upper 95 % CI	# Survival (%)
NDI2 in water	15	7.1	0(0.0)	0	0(0.0)	0	0	15(100)
Cracked maize	15	6.8	0 (0)	0	0(0.0)	0	0	15(100)
Parboiled barley	15	5.1	0(0.0)	0	0(0.0)	0	0	15(100)
Parboiled wheat	14	4.5	5(30.0)	2	2(14.3)	0	32.6	12(85.7)
Untreated wheat	15	3.3	6 (40.0)	3	3(20.0)	0	40.2	12(80.0)
Parboiled sorghum	15	4.4	6(26.7)	3	3(20.0)	0	40.2	12 (80.0)
Cracked wheat	14	3.3	8(53.3)	4	4(28.6)	4.9	52.2	10(71.4)
Parboiled millet	14	3.2	7(46.7)	4	4(28.6)	4.9	52.2	10(71.4)
Cracked millet	15	2.5	10(66.7)	6	6(40.0)	15.2	64.8	9(60.0)
Untreated barley	15	2.8	8(53.3)	6	6(40.0)	15.2	64.8	9(60.0)
Cracked barley	15	2.5	7(46.7)	6	6(40.0)	15.2	64.8	9(60.0)
Untreated sorghum	15	2.4	10(66.7)	7	7(46.7)	21.4	71.9	8(53.3)
Untreated millet	12	2.4	8(53.3)	6	6 (50)	21.7	78.3	6 (50.0)
Cracked sorghum	14	1.9	11(73.3)	9	9(64.3)	39.2	89.4	5(35.7)
Naïve	15	0.0	14 (93.3)	12	12(80.0)	59.8	100	3 (20.0)

N^† represented number of chickens present in each group at age of 129 day (onset of the challenge). Figures outside the brackets indicated number of chickens in each group whereas figures in brackets indicated percentages. ^a Chickens in the treatment groups listed up to parboiled millet had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher survival rate compared to the naïve group. The lower and upper 95 % confidence interval (CI) of mortality of chickens per each treatment group was shown in the table

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