From: Biomechanical evaluation of monosegmental pedicle instrumentation in a calf spine model and the role of fractured vertebrae in screw stability
Step
Condition
1
normal
2
after creating L1 burst fractures
3
after performing T12–L2 pedicle-screw fixation (SSPI) or T12–L1 pedicle-screw fixation (MSPI)
4
after fatigue cyclic loading