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Fig. 3 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 3

From: Pedicle screw-rod fixation: a feasible treatment for dogs with severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis

Fig. 3

a Pre-operative radiograph of an 8-year-old German shepherd dog (dog 3) diagnosed with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. There is non-bridging spondylosis deformans, end plate sclerosis, lumbosacral step formation and elongation of the sacral lamina underneath L7. b Radiograph showing dog 3 three years after pedicle screw-rod fixation with implants in correct position. At the level of L5-L6 and L6-L7, there is radiological evidence for adjacent segment pathology, seen by narrowing of the intervertebral foramen. No interbody fusion was present between L7 and S1

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