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Table 5 The effect of TC (42 °C for 6 h; posthatch day 28) during 4 time terminals (at the beginning and after 1, 3 and 5 h of TC) on selected plasma electrolytes concentrations of broiler chicks subjected to different TM protocols at ED 12–18 (n = 5)

From: Biochemical and molecular investigation of thermal manipulation protocols during broiler embryogenesis and subsequent thermal challenge

Parameters

Groups

Treatments

Control

TM1

TM2

TM3

TM4

Calcium

TN

13.5 ± 0.7 aw

13.0 ± 1.4 aw

12.8 ± 0.3 aw

12.5 ± 0.7 aw

11.9 ± 2.6 aw

TC1

12.6 ± 0.6 aw

12.9 ± 1.8 aw

12.7 ± 0.5 aw

11.5 ± 3.3 aw

12.0 ± 0.0 aw

TC3

13.8 ± 1.2 aw

13.0 ± 1.4 aw

13.5 ± 0.7 aw

11.9 ± 1.8 aw

12.4 ± 0.5 aw

TC5

12.5 ± 0.8 aw

12.0 ± 1.2 aw

13.5 ± 3.0 aw

12.8 ± 0.8 aw

13.0 ± 2.2 aw

Magnesium

TN

4.1 ± 1.4 aw

4.0 ± 1.1 aw

3.8 ± 1.5 aw

4.9 ± 1.6 aw

4.2 ± 1.6 aw

TC1

3.9 ± 1.1 aw

3.5 ± 1.3 aw

4.2 ± 1.4 aw

3.2 ± 1.5 aw

3.9 ± 1.1 aw

TC3

3.7 ± 1.3 aw

4.1 ± 1.2 aw

3.7 ± 1.1 aw

3.7 ± 1.3 aw

3.2 ± 1.6 aw

TC5

4.0 ± 1.1 aw

4.6 ± 1.8 aw

4.0 ± 1.6 aw

4.7 ± 1.1 aw

5.4 ± 1.8 aw

Sodium

TN

146.3 ± 5.9 aw

147.9 ± 1.6 aw

142.5 ± 3.5 aw

142.4 ± 0.8 aw

146.5 ± 6.4 aw

TC1

142.5 ± 3.5 aw

137.7 ± 1.7 aw

139.3 ± 2.0 aw

138.5 ± 2.1 aw

142.5 ± 5.8 aw

TC3

139.6 ± 5.2 aw

140.7 ± 2.1 aw

141.5 ± 0.7 aw

141.7 ± 6.6 aw

140.0 ± 4.2 aw

TC5

138.0 ± 6.9 aw

143.6 ± 3.7 aw

138.1 ± 5.0 aw

142.2 ± 9.5 aw

143.6 ± 3.6 aw

Potassium

TN

9.7 ± 1.3 aw

10.4 ± 1.4 aw

10.5 ± 0.2 aw

9.8 ± 1.3 aw

9.4 ± 1.4 aw

TC1

10.3 ± 1.5 aw

9.4 ± 1.1 aw

10.9 ± 1.0 aw

9.4 ± 1.6 aw

9.8 ± 1.4 aw

TC3

9.5 ± 1.6 aw

10.7 ± 1.3 aw

10.3 ± 1.2 aw

9.7 ± 1.1 aw

11.7 ± 1.4 aw

TC5

9.2 ± 1.3 aw

9.8 ± 1.3 aw

8.8 ± 2.6 aw

8.8 ± 1.4 aw

9.9 ± 1.8 aw

Chloride

TN

113.0 ± 1.8 aw

112.5 ± 2.1 aw

114.0 ± 1.1 aw

110.5 ± 2.9 aw

107.5 ± 7.5 aw

TC1

116.5 ± 3.7 aw

109.5 ± 4.8 aw

116.0 ± 1.4 aw

113.0 ± 1.8 aw

112.0 ± 3.1 aw

TC3

118.5 ± 3.9 aw

116.0 ± 1.4 aw

116.0 ± 1.4 aw

115.5 ± 2.1 aw

114.5 ± 2.1 aw

TC5

114.5 ± 0.5 aw

112.0 ± 0.9 aw

112.0 ± 0.7 aw

114.5 ± 3.5 aw

115.0 ± 1.4 aw

  1. Control 37.8 °C, TM 1 Thermal manipulation at 38.5 °C for 18 h, TM 2 Thermal manipulation at 39 °C for 18 h, TM 3 Thermal manipulation at 39.5 °C for 18 h, TM 4 Thermal manipulation at 40 °C for 18 h, TC Thermal challenged
  2. a–d within rows, means ± SD with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)
  3. w-z Between naïve and TC chicks within a parameter, means ± SD with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)