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Table 4 Multivariable multilevel* logistic regression model of factors associated with the presence of an active lesion on 3 sites on elephants working in tourism camps in Thailand

From: Risk factors for saddle-related skin lesions on elephants used in the tourism industry in Thailand

Variable

Odds ratio

Lower 95 % CI

Upper 95 % CI

P value

Body Area

    

  Girth

Ref

   

  Back

2.92

1.55

5.50

0.001

  Tail

0.46

0.23

0.92

0.028

Contact Material

    

  Bark

Ref

   

  Carpet

0.38

0.09

1.65

0.195

  Blanket

0.63

0.13

2.96

0.558

  Rice Sack

5.09

1.36

19.06

0.016

Saddle Weight

    

  Light (<10 kg)

Ref

   

  Heavy (>10 kg)

2.69

0.82

8.79

0.101

Break**

    

  No

Ref

   

  Yes

11.12

2.25

54.97

0.003

Age

    
 

1.03

1.002

1.06

0.036

Working Hours/Day

    

  Working Hours/Day

23.74

5.17

109.03

<0.0001

  Working Hours/Day Squared

0.78

0.69

0.89

<0.0001

  1. Variance = 0.48 (95 % CI 0.08 – 2.73)
  2. *Model includes a random intercept for camp
  3. **Break is defined as a period of time when either the girth strap was loosened, or the whole saddle was completely removed