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Table 3 Univariable multilevel* logistic regression models of factors associated with the presence of an active lesion on elephants from tourism camps in Thailand

From: Risk factors for saddle-related skin lesions on elephants used in the tourism industry in Thailand

Variable

Odds ratio

Lower 95 % CI

Upper 95 % CI

P value

Body Area (n = 194, m = 18)

    

  Girth

Ref

   

  Back

2.56

1.61

4.07

<0.0001

  Tail

0.44

0.26

0.74

0.002

Contact Material (n = 163, m = 18)

    

  Bark

Ref

   

  Carpet

0.52

0.15

1.79

0.301

  Blanket

0.78

0.30

2.02

0.612

  Rice Sack

2.10

0.74

5.96

0.164

Saddle Weight (n = 191, m = 18)

    

  Light (<10 kg)

Ref

   

  Heavy (>10 kg)

0.65

0.21

2.03

0.458

Break** (n = 194 , m = 18)

    

  No

Ref

   

  Yes

0.54

0.18

1.67

0.286

Age (n = 133, m = 17)

    
 

1.03

1.002

1.05

0.034

Working Hours/Day (n = 194, m = 18)

    

  Working Hours/Day

3.79

1.41

10.18

0.008

  Working Hours/Day Squared

0.90

0.83

0.97

0.009

  1. Ref = Referent Category
  2. n = number of elephants with data collected for the indicated variable (/194)
  3. m = number of camps with data collected for the indicated variable (/18)
  4. *Models include a random intercept for camp
  5. **Break is defined as a period of time when either the girth strap was loosened, or the whole saddle was completely removed