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Figure 2 | BMC Veterinary Research

Figure 2

From: Protective immunity against influenza H5N1 virus challenge in chickens by oral administration of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing neuraminidase

Figure 2

Oral administration of recombinant L.lactis /pNZ2103-NA induces NA-specific immune responses in chickens. Chickens were immunized orally with saline, L.lactis/pNZ2103 or L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA at day 0, 1, 2, 3 and day 17, 18, 19, 20. Sera (n = 16/group), intestine (n = 3/group) and upper respiratory (n = 3/group) washes were collected at day 15 and day 34 after the prime immunization. (A) NA-specific IgG antibody was measured by ELISA in the sera. (B) NA-specific IgA antibody was assessed in the intestinal washes. (C) NA-specific IgA antibody was assessed in the upper respiratory washes. (D) NI titers were determined using rNA protein. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (S.D.). The asterisk indicates a significant difference between L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA and other groups (saline or L.lactis/pNZ2103) (* p < 0.05).

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