| |
Treatment
| | |
|---|
|
VFA profile
1
|
LC
|
HC
|
SEM
2
|
p-value
3
|
|---|
|
Total VFA(mmol/L)
|
92.91
|
107.64a
|
3.66
|
<0.05
|
|
Molar proportion, mmol/mol
| | | | |
|
Acetate
|
454.51
|
440.55
|
3.10
|
0.47
|
|
Propionate
|
247.68
|
281.83b
|
2.41
|
<0.01
|
|
Isobutyrate
|
25.19
|
24.68
|
0.38
|
0.83
|
|
Butyrate
|
210.11
|
195.99
|
1.77
|
0.17
|
|
Isovalerate
|
36.31
|
34.52
|
0.67
|
0.67
|
|
Valerate
|
21.25
|
19.93
|
0.24
|
0.38
|
|
Caproate
|
4.95
|
2.49b
|
0.17
|
<0.01
|
|
Acetate:Propionate
|
1.84
|
1.57a
|
0.02
|
<0.05
|
|
Propionate:Butyrate
|
1.18
|
1.44b
|
0.05
|
<0.01
|
|
Lactic acid
|
0.96
|
1.55b
|
0.20
|
<0.01
|
|
Plasma biochemical parameter
4
| | | | |
|
TG (mmol/L)
|
0.28
|
0.21a
|
0.05
|
<0.05
|
|
NEFA (mmol/L)
|
1.16
|
0.48ab
|
0.07
|
<0.001
|
|
TCH (mmol/L)
|
2.21
|
1.69b
|
0.31
|
<0.01
|
|
GLU (mg/dL)
|
45.23
|
56.02b
|
4.54
|
<0.01
|
|
Hormone level
4
| | | | |
|
Insulin (μIU/mL)
|
16.95
|
21.57a
|
1.01
|
<0.05
|
|
Glucagon (pg/mL)
|
191.23
|
161.02
|
18.28
|
0.28
|
|
Insulin:Glucacon
|
0.10
|
0.16c
|
0.01
|
0.07
|
-
1The volatile fatty acid and lactic acid concentrations and the mean proportion across the sampling times during the 18th week.
-
2SEM = Standard error of the mean between the two treatments.
-
3The data were compared using a paired t-test.
-
4The mean metabolite concentration in the jugular plasma across the sampling times. TG, triglyceride; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acid; TCH, total cholesterol; GLU, glucose;
-
aindicates p < 0.05; bindicates p < 0.01; abindicates <0.001.
