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Table 1 Schmallenberg virus seroprevalence in relation to different characteristics of the wild ruminants and their origin in the univariable analysis

From: Cross-sectional study of Schmallenberg virus seroprevalence in wild ruminants in Poland at the end of the vector season of 2013

Variable

Category (values)

SBV seroprevalence

χ2

P 4

OR 5

OR 95% CI

n/N 1

% 2

95% CI 3

Animal species

Fallow deer (Dama dama)

81/256

22.7

17.5-27.8

49.4

<0.001

0.8

0.7-1.0

 

Red deer (Cervus elaphus)

44/176

30.6

23.7-37.5

    
 

Mouflon (Ovis aries musimon)

1/71

1.4

−1.4-4.3

    
 

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

10/66

22.6

12.2-33.0

    
 

European bison (Bison bonasus)

9/11

81.8

54.6-109.0

    

Population type

Free-living

63/289

22.1

17.2-26.9

3.1

0.08

1.4

1.0-2.0

 

Captive

82/291

69.1

63.7-74.4

    

Gender (n = 440)

Female

63/307

31.7

26.4-36.9

0.02

0.9

1.0

0.6-1.7

 

Male

28/133

14.8

47.3-64.0

    

Age group

Below and equal to one year of age

1/41

1.7

−2.5-59.3

12.0

0.001

14.6

2.0-107.0

 

Over 1 year of age

144/539

28.6

24.8-32.4

    

Body weight group (n = 345)

1 (mean 15.9; range 8–25)

10/72

19.8

10.4-29.3

32.9

<0.001

2.1

1.5-2.9

 

2 (mean 40.2; range 30–50)

6/116

3.3

0.008-6.6

    
 

3 (mean 76.7; range 55–100)

30/126

26.1

18.3-33.8

    
 

4 (mean 188.6; range 110–650)

14/31

42.4

23.9-60.8

    

Percent of the forest area in district

Low (mean 25.8; range 20.1-30.9)

10/61

17.4

7.6-27.2

8.8

0.01

1.8

1.2-2.8

 

Medium (mean 40.8; range 35.2-66.0)

110/454

25.0

21.0-29.0

    
 

High (mean 85.9; range 67.5-97.3)

25/65

36.0

24.0-48.0

    

District-level density of wild ruminants (animals per km2)

Low (mean 2.8; range 2.1-3.4)

3/13

17.4

−6.4-41.2

23.8

<0.001

0.4

0.3-0.66

 

Medium (mean 5.5; range 4.1-6.3)

94/275

31.3

25.8-36.9

    
 

High (mean 8.3; range 6.7-8.7)

48/292

15.7

11.5-19.9

    

Part of country

Western

72/434

22.8

18.9-26.8

65.0

<0.001

5.0

3.3-7.6

 

Eastern

73/146

36.6

28.7-44.5

    

Province-level density of domestic ruminants

Low (mean 5.5; range 4.2-14.0)

64/390

20.0

16.1-24.1

48.2

<0.001

2.7

2.0-3.6

 

Medium (mean 21.1; range 17.7-28.5)

62/152

34.1

26.5-41.7

    
 

High (mean 44.4; range 44.4-44.4)

19/38

42.0

25.6-58.4

    
  1. 1number of SBV seropositive samples / number of tested samples; 2seroprevalence adjusted for forest district population weights; 3confidence interval calculated by Wald test; 4p < 0.05 was considered significant; 5odds ratio.