Table 1 Cases (n = 12) diagnosed with axial osteitis of the PSBs and desmitis of the ISL
Case | Age (years) | Gender | Affected limb, duration and severity of lameness | Diagnostic procedures | Therapeutic procedures/post-mortem examinations | Rehabilitation protocol | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8 | Mare | Right hind 2 months 4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx, US | Arthroscopy and tenoscopy, NSAIDs for 2 weeks | Box rest/handwalking for 3 months | Persistently lame, euthanasia 6 months after treatment |
2 | 9 | Gelding | Left hind 2 months 4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx, US, CT, contrast enhanced CT, MR imaging (0.27 T), synovial fluid bacteriology and cytology of the MTPJ | No treatment, euthanasia, arthroscopy and tenoscopy post-mortem, macroscopic necropsy, histopathology | - | - |
3 | 4 | Gelding | Left hind 3 months 4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx | Arthroscopy and tenoscopy, NSAIDs for 1 week | Box rest/handwalking for 3 months, followed by pasture exercise | Sound for light riding purposes 4 months after treatment |
4 | 3 | Gelding | Left hind 1 month 3/5 | Clinical examination, perineural anaesthesia, Rx, US, synovial bacteriology and cytology of the MTPJ | NSAIDs for 2 weeks | Box rest/handwalking for 3 months | Sound for light riding purposes 3 months after treatment |
5 | 5 | Gelding | Right hind 6 weeks 4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural anaesthesia, Rx, US | NSAIDs for 2 weeks | Box rest/handwalking for 2 months | Similar lesion left hind after 2 months, euthanasia |
6 | 5 | Gelding | Left hind 2 months 3/5 | Clinical examination, perineural anaesthesia, Rx, US | NSAIDs for 2 weeks, corticosteroids in MTPJ, orthopaedic shoeing | Pasture exercise | Pasture sound after 6 months |
7 | 7 | Gelding | Left hind 2 months 4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural anaesthesia Rx, US | Arthroscopy and tenoscopy, NSAIDs for 3 weeks, corticosteroids in MTPJ, shockwave, orthopaedic shoeing | Pasture exercise | Intermittently lame up to 6 months after treatment |
8 | 6 | Mare | Right hind 6 weeks 3/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx, US | Arthroscopy, NSAIDs for 2 weeks, shockwave | Box rest/handwalking for 3 months | Intermittently lame 3 months after treatment |
9 | 6 | Mare | Right hind 4 months 4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx, US, CT, contrast enhanced CT, MR imaging (0.27 T) | No treatment, euthanasia, post-mortem high-field MR imaging (9.4 T), macroscopic necropsy, histopathology | - | - |
10 | 6 | Stallion | Right hind 1 week 4/5 | Clinical examination, Rx, US | Arthroscopy, platelet rich plasma in MTPJ, regional perfusion with tiludronate, NSAIDs for 5 weeks | Box rest/handwalking for 3 months, followed by pasture exercise | Persistently lame up to 6 months after treatment |
11 | 10 | Mare | Left hind 3 months 3-4/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx, US | Tiluronate IV, NSAIDs for 2 weeks, shockwave | Box rest/handwalking for 1 month, followed by pasture exercise for 2 months | Pasture sound 3 months after treatment |
12 | 13 | Gelding | Right hind 4 weeks 3/5 | Clinical examination, perineural and intrasynovial anaesthesia, Rx, US | No treatment, euthanasia, macroscopic necropsy | - | - |