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Table 1 Mean values with standard deviation

From: Effects of isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl on physiological variables continuously measured by telemetry in Wistar rats

Parameter

Treatment

Baseline

Induction time

Non-surgical tolerance

Surgical tolerance

Wake-up period

Recovery

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

SAP (mmHg)

ISO

118 ± 8.2

133 ± 11.2*

120 ± 21.5

111 ± 12.9

126 ± 10.8*

119 ± 6.2

KX

117 ± 7.0

144 ± 10.5*

129 ± 19.1*

111 ± 14.3

99 ± 8.1*

113 ± 10.3

MMF

120 ± 9.1

167 ± 14.1*

170 ± 12.7*

177 ± 15.1*

113 ± 10.0

117 ± 5.2

DAP (mmHg)

ISO

87 ± 5.8

97 ± 9.5*

85 ± 19.2

78 ± 12.1*

89 ± 9.1

90 ± 4.6*

KX

92 ± 9.1

113 ± 8.9*

99 ± 17.3

85 ± 14.2*

76 ± 9.6*

86 ± 5.9

MMF

89 ± 5.9

124 ± 8.9*

121 ± 9.3*

118 ± 7.6*

86 ± 7.9

91 ± 4.5

MAP (mmHg)

ISO

97 ± 6.5

109 ± 10.0*

96 ± 19.9

89 ± 12.3*

101 ± 9.6

100 ± 5.0*

KX

100 ± 8.0

123 ± 8.9*

109 ± 17.7*

93 ± 13.9*

84 ± 8.5*

95 ± 6.5

MMF

99 ± 6.9

138 ± 10.6*

137 ± 10.1*

138 ± 9.9*

95 ± 8.5

100 ± 4.6

PP (mmHg)

ISO

31 ± 3.8

36 ± 3.5*

35 ± 3.4*

33 ± 2.9*

37 ± 3.7*

30 ± 2.7

KX

25 ± 5.9

31 ± 6.7*

30 ± 5.9*

26 ± 6.8

23 ± 7.0*

27 ± 8.7

MMF

31 ± 3.8

43 ± 5.7*

50 ± 5.9*

59 ± 8.5*

27 ± 3.1*

26 ± 2.4*

HR (bpm)

ISO

293 ± 18.1

381 ± 35.1*

369 ± 22.0*

404 ± 24.5*

445 ± 20.0*

300 ± 14.1*

KX

281 ± 22.7

371 ± 33.9*

271 ± 24.0

255 ± 25.7*

289 ± 31.3

316 ± 17.1*

MMF

293 ± 32.9

303 ± 30.2

229 ± 20.9*

209 ± 24.0*

255 ± 28.6*

286 ± 22.5

BT (°C)

ISO

37.34 ± 0.17

37.38 ± 0.23

37.33 ± 0.26

36.56 ± 0.55*

36.39 ± 0.71*

37.34 ± 0.16

KX

37.34 ± 0.26

37.27 ± 0.25

37.22 ± 0.22

36.78 ± 0.41*

36.95 ± 0.53

37.55 ± 0.45

MMF

37.49 ± 0.41

37.43 ± 0.40

37.30 ± 0.51

36.90 ± 0.86*

36.54 ± 0.93*

37.25 ± 0.43

  1. No. of animals per treatment: ISO n = 10, KX n = 10, MMF n = 9.
  2. *statistically significant difference (p value ≤0.05) based on the ANOVA for the comparison of anaesthetic intervals versus baseline.