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Table 5 Results of testing oro-pharyngeal swabs for Newcastle disease virus by number of swabs pooled

From: Optimal specimen collection and transport methods for the detection of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus

Swab source

Swab pool

1 DPI

2 DPI

3 DPI

4 DPI

7 DPI

VI

rRT-PCR

VI

rRT-PCR

VI

rRT-PCR

VI

rRT-PCR

VI

rRT-PCR

oro-pharyngeal

1 swab

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

20/20 (100)

1/20 (5)

14/20 (70)

5 swabs

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

1/38 (2.6)

23/38 (60.5)

11 swabs

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

38/38 (100)

2/38 (5.3)

16/38 (42.1)

cloacal

1 swab

2/20 (10)

7/20 (35)

2/20 (10)

4/20 (20)

12/20 (60)

9/20 (45)

11/20 (55)

13/20 (65)

11/20 (55)

10/20 (50)

5 swabs

10/38 (26.3)

7/38 (18.4)

3/38 (7.9)

10/38(26.3)

19/38 (50)

28/38 (73.7)

23/38 (60.5)

17/38 (44.7)

15/38 (39.5)

15/38 (39.5)

11 swabs

8/38 (21.1)

9/38 (23.7)

8/38 (21.1)

11/38 (28.9)

17/38 (44.7)

15/38 (39.5)

27/38 (71.0)

20/38 (52.6)

16/38 (42.1)

17/38 (44.7)

  1. Non-flocked swabs were collected in brain heart infusion broth and were tested by virus isolation and real-time RT-PCR. There were no statistical differences based on the number of swabs pooled. Abbreviations: DPI = days post inoculation, rRT-PCR = real-time RT-PCR, VI = virus isolation.
  2. *. Number positive/total tested (percent positive).