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Table 1 Calving classification in the GSM-monitored animals (HMO, heifers; MMO, multiparous cows)

From: Evaluation of remote monitoring of parturition in dairy cattle as a new tool for calving management

Cause of dystocia

HMO (n = 60)

MMO (n = 60)

Calving classification

HMO (n = 60)

MMO (n = 60)

0

–

–

Eutocia

40 (66.7%)

46 (76.6%)

1

8 (13.3%)

3 (5.0%)

Mild dystocia

17 (28.3%)

12 (20.0%)

2

9 (15.0%)

9 (15.0%)

3

3 (5.0%)

1 (1.7%)

Severe dystocia

3 (5.0%)

2 (3.4%)

4

-

1 (1.7%)

  1. 0 = eutocia or no assistance;
  2. 1 = delay of the second stage of labour;
  3. 2 = foetal malposition;
  4. 3 = foetal–pelvic disproportion;
  5. 4 = vulvar or cervical stenosis and uterine torsion.