Geographic trends in research output and citations in veterinary medicine: insight into global research capacity, species specialization, and interdisciplinary relationships

Table 5 Demographic and economic data (2010) by region, for countries that published veterinary articles from 1996 to 2010*

Variable	Western Europe	Eastern Europe	Africa	North America	Latin America	Middle East	Asia	Pacific†
No. countries	25	22	46	2	42	20	26	2
No. veterinary faculties	60	85	29	33	174	55	165	8
Total population (in millions)	413.5	337.3	842.6	343.5	588.4	454.0	3798.8	26.7
GDP, current US$ (in billions)	15.9	3.1	1.1	16.0	5.2	2.8	1.1	1.3
GNI per capita, current US$ (median)	42,970	7295	750	45,300	6115	6570	1870	37,775
Agriculture, value added, % of GDP (median)	1.8	6.4	23.9	1.5	6.3	7.3	16.2	4.0
R&D, % of GDP (median)§	1.8	0.7	0.2	2.4	0.4	0.6	0.2	1.8
% Rural population (median)	22.4	37.6	61.7	18.6	33.3	28.1	63.1	12.1
% Urban population (median)	77.6	62.5	38.4	81.5	66.7	71.9	36.9	88.0
Articles per million population (median)	133.4	7.3	3.4	160.0	8.9	9.7	2.4	329.7
Articles per million GDP (median)	3.4	1.7	3.3	3.4	1.2	1.0	1.1	8.9

*Data for veterinary faculties were obtained from the American Veterinary Medical Association [25] and the World Veterinary Association [26]. Data for population, gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI), agriculture value added, research and development (R&D), and % rural and urban populations were obtained from the World Bank [24]. Number of articles was for 1996-2010 from the Scopus database, obtained via SCImago [18].
†Data are for Australia and New Zealand.
§The number of countries for which R&D data were available: Western Europe (19), Eastern Europe (19), Africa (16), North America (2), Latin America (15), Middle East (8), Asia (13), Pacific (2).

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