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Table 2 Association between studied variables with disease-free and overall survival times

From: Identification of prognostic factors in canine mammary malignant tumours: a multivariable survival study

Variable

Animals

Recurrence or distant metastases

Mean DFS time in months

Р*

Dead or euthanized dogs

Mean OS time in months

Р*

 

N

%

N

%

(± SE)

 

N

%

(± SE)

 

Total

85

100

26

30.6

5.3 (5.7)

 

22

25.8

11.9 (7.6)

 

Animal factors

          

Weight (kg)

     

NS

   

NS

<10

27

31.8

7

25.9

19.6 (1.6)

 

6

22.2

21.7 (1.2)

 

10-23

39

45.9

11

28.2

18.3 (1.5)

 

10

25.6

20.0 (1.2)

 

>23

19

22.3

8

42.1

15.8 (2.2)

 

6

31.6

19.2 (1.8)

 

Spayed

     

NS

   

NS

No

72

84.7

21

29.2

18.4 (1.1)

 

17

23.6

20.7 (0.8)

 

Yes

13

15.3

5

38.5

16.8 (2.7)

 

5

38.5

19.3 (1.9)

 

Hormonal therapy b

     

NS

   

NS

No

74

90.2

23

31.1

18.0 (1.1)

 

19

25.7

20.5 (0.8)

 

Yes

8

9.8

2

25.0

19.5 (2.9)

 

2

25.0

20.7 (2.4)

 

Tumour factors

          

Ulceration

     

NS

   

NS

No

74

87.1

21

28.4

18.6 (1.0)

 

17

23.0

21.0 (0.8)

 

Yes

11

12.9

5

45.5

14.6 (3.2)

 

5

45.5

16.6 (2.8)

 

Size

     

0.027

   

0.016

< 3 cm

47

55.3

10

21.3

20.3 (1.1)

 

8

17.0

22.1 (0.8)

 

≥ 3 cm

38

44.7

16

42.1

15.5 (1.7)

 

14

36.8

18.3 (1.3)

 

Necrosis

     

NS

   

NS

No

25

29.4

7

28.0

18.3 (1.9)

 

7

28.0

20.1 (1.5)

 

Yes

60

70.6

19

31.2

18.0 (1.2)

 

15

25.0

20.5 (0.9)

 

Squamous metaplasia

     

NS

   

NS

No

62

72.9

19

30.1

18.1 (1.2)

 

17

27.4

20.5 (0.9)

 

Yes

23

27.1

7

30.4

18.1 (1.9)

 

5

21.7

20.4 (1.6)

 

Mode of growth

     

0.007

   

0.022

Expansive

24

28.2

2

8.3

22.6 (0.9)

 

2

8.3

23.3 (0.7)

 

Invasive

61

71.8

24

39.3

16.4 (1.3)

 

20

32.8

19.3 (0.9)

 

Histological type

     

NS

   

0.023

Complex carcinomas

20

23.5

4

20.0

20.7 (1.6)

 

2

10.0

23.6 (0.3)

 

Simple carcinomas

51

60.0

15

29.4

18.5 (1.3)

 

13

25.5

20.6 (0.9)

 

Others

14

16.5

7

50.0

13.1 (2.9)

 

7

50.0

15.4 (2.4)

 

Mitotic index

     

NS

   

NS

0-9/10hpf

36

42.4

10

27.8

18.6 (1.5)

 

9

25.0

20.9 (1.2)

 

10-19/10hpf

25

29.4

6

24.0

18.9 (1.8)

 

4

16.0

21.2 (1.3)

 

≥ 20/10hpf

24

28.2

10

41.7

16.7 (1.9)

 

9

37.5

19.1 (1.4)

 

Histological grade

     

NS

   

0.025

I + II

58

68.2

14

24.1

19.3 (1.1)

 

11

19.0

21.8 (0.8)

 

III

27

31.8

12

44.4

15.5 (1.9)

 

11

40.7

17.7 (1.6)

 

RLN metastases a

     

0.017

   

0.005

No

47

71.2

10

21.3

20.2 (1.1)

 

8

17.0

22.2 (0.7)

 

Yes

19

28.8

9

47.4

14.6 (2.4)

 

9

47.4

17.3 (2.1)

 

Cancer cells

          

MIB1 L.I. (%)

     

<0.001

   

<0.001

< 40

47

55.3

7

14.9

21.1 (1.03)

 

6

12.8

22.8 (0.7)

 

≥ 40

38

44.7

19

50.0

14.4 (1.66)

 

16

42.1

17.5 (1.4)

 

TIMP-2 (%)

     

NS

   

NS

< 25

32

37.6

7

21.9

19.7 (1.5)

 

5

15.6

21.6 (1.1)

 

≥ 25

53

62.4

19

35.8

17.1 (1.3)

 

17

32.1

19.7 (1.0)

 

VEGF-A (%)

     

NS

   

NS

< 50

47

55.3

14

29.8

18.4 (1.3)

 

10

21.3

21.1 (0.9)

 

≥ 50

38

44.7

12

31.6

17.7 (1.5)

 

12

31.6

19.7 (1.0)

 

Stromal cells

          

uPA (%)

     

0.016

   

0.012

< 10

25

29.4

3

12.0

21.9 (1.1)

 

2

8.0

23.5 (0.4)

 

≥ 10

60

70.6

23

38.3

16.5 (1.3)

 

20

33.3

19.1 (1.0)

 

MMP-9 (%)

     

<0.001

   

<0.001

< 50

54

63.5

9

16.7

20.9 (0.9)

 

8

14.8

22.5 (0.7)

 

≥ 50

31

36.5

17

54.8

13.2 (1.9)

 

14

45.2

16.7 (1.5)

 
  1. a Lymph nodes were not submitted in 19 cases.
  2. b The information regarded hormonal therapy was impossible to obtain in three cases.
  3. *Log Rank test.
  4. NS – not significant.