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Table 1 Neurological examination of the dog with porencephaly and focal cerebellar vermis atrophy

From: Porencephaly and cortical dysplasia as cause of seizures in a dog

Test

Response

Mentation

depressed

Motor coordination

ataxia, forelimb hypermetria, weak gait

Limb movement

flaccid tetraparesis, hindlimbs more affected than forelimbs

Myotatic reflex

increased in all four limbs

Muscle atrophy

mild

Proprioceptive positioning

present in forelimbs, absent in hindlimbs

Righting reaction

normal

Intention tremor

present

Nystagmus

horizontal

Pupillary light reflex

normal, both direct and consensual

Menace reflex

absent

Pain

delayed response superficial pain, normal deep pain