Effect of analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in a randomized controlled trial using client-owned dogs with hip osteoarthritis

Table 11 Summary of ABT-116, carprofen, tramadol, and placebo treatment effects on dog mobility

Outcome measure	ABT-116		Carprofen		Tramadol		Placebo
	Significance	ES	Significance	ES	Significance	ES	Significance	ES
CBPI questionnaire
Total CBPI score	NS	**	P < 0.005	**	P = 0.001	***	NS	**
Pain Severity Score	NS	**	P < 0.005	**	NS	**	NS	**
Pain Interference Score	NS	**	P < 0.005	**	P < 0.001	***	NS	**
Activity Monitoring
Total Activity	NS	*	NS	*	NS	*^a	NS	*^a
Daytime Activity	NS	*	NS	*	NS	*^a	NS	*^a
Nighttime Activity	P ≤ 0.01	**	P ≤ 0.01	**^a	NS	*	NS	*^a
Kinetic Gait Analysis
Peak Vertical Force	NS	*	NS	*	NS	*	NS	*^b
Vertical Impulse	NS	*	NS	**	NS	*^b	NS	**^b
Falling Slope	NS	*	NS	*	NS	**^c	NS	*^c
Reduction in Use of Rescue Medication
	P < 0.001	**	P < 0.001	**	NS	**	NS	**

Note: ES – effect size; CBPI – canine brief pain inventory questionnaire. ES magnitude is indicated by * - Small, ES ≤ 0.2; ** - Medium, ES = > 0.2 and < 0.8; *** - Large, ES ≥ 0.8. ^aES indicating reduction in dog activity. ^bES indicating reduction in peak vertical force or peak vertical impulse values. ^cES indicating falling slope is more negative after treatment (undesirable effect). NS – not significant.

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