Reliability of quantitative echocardiography in adult sheep and goats

Table 3 Cardiac dimensions, time indices, technique and measurement reliability from 40 adult healthy goats

Parameter	Mean±SD	Reference range (mean±2SD)	Technique repeatability		Technique reproducibility			Measurement repeatability		Measurement reproducibility
			Max% difference	ICC	Max% difference	ICC	Kappa	Max% difference	ICC	Max% difference	ICC	Kappa
PA (cm) + *	1.93±0.28	1.37-2.49	2.8	0.91	3.6	0.87	0.88	2.1	0.95	2.6	0.91	0.90
Ao (cm) + *	2.18±0.26	1.66-2.70	3.1	0.89	4.0	0.82	0.83	2.7	0.92	3.3	0.89	0.88
PA: Ao	0.93±0.04	0.85-1.01
AoS (cm)	2.64±0.30	2.04-3.24	2.8	0.90	3.2	0.88	0.87	2.4	0.94	3.1	0.85	0.86
Ao-cs (cm)	2.42±0.28	1.86-2.98	3.3	0.86	3.8	0.81	0.82	2.6	0.92	2.9	0.90	0.90
LAD (cm)+	4.06±0.54	2.98-5.14	3.2	0.86	4.3	0.81	0.80	2.5	0.93	3.6	0.82	0.81
ET (sec)	0.18±0.05	0.08-0.28	3.3	0.88	3.7	0.84	0.83	2.7	0.91	3.2	0.87	0.88
PEP (ms)	0.03±0.01	0.01-0.05	3.2	0.85	3.4	0.87	0.88	2.3	0.95	2.6	0.89	0.90
EPSS (cm)	0.37±0.09	0.19-0.55	3.0	0.88	3.5	0.86	0.84	2.5	0.93	3.2	0.85	0.84
RVDd (cm)	0.99±0.32	0.35-1.63	6.3	0.64	6.7	0.55	0.58	3.9	0.81	4.5	0.76	0.70
RVDs (cm)	0.67±0.28	0.15-1.19	6.5	0.68	7.1	0.52	0.54	3.8	0.81	4.3	0.76	0.72
IVSd (cm) + *	0.98±0.21	0.56-1.4	3.4	0.88	3.8	0.81	0.82	2.9	0.89	3.1	0.85	0.83
IVSs (cm)+	1.32±0.32	0.68-1.96	3.6	0.86	4.1	0.80	0.84	3.1	0.86	3.2	0.83	0.82
LVDd (cm)+	3.74±0.48	2.78-4.70	2.2	0.96	2.6	0.92	0.90	1.8	0.97	2.3	0.92	0.91
LVDs (cm)*	2.11±0.31	1.49-2.73	2.4	0.94	3.0	0.88	0.86	2.1	0.96	2.5	0.92	0.92
FWd (cm) + *	0.79±0.07	0.65-0.93	3.8	0.81	4.6	0.75	0.73	3.2	0.86	3.6	0.78	0.79
FWs (cm)*	1.22±0.19	0.84-1.60	4.2	0.80	5.2	0.73	0.71	3.4	0.84	3.8	0.80	0.81
FS (%)	45.2±5.9	33.4-57.0
LVEF (%)	73.6±5.4	62.8-84.4
HR (bpm)	87.1±3.2	80.7-93.5

Table 3 Reference ranges (mean± 2 standard deviations) and mean ± standard deviation for cardiac dimensions, time indices and heart rate from 40 adult healthy goats. Technique and measurement repeatability and reproducibility are also displayed and assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and maximal differences between measures. Cohen’s Kappa was additionally used to assess reproducibility. * shows significant species differences and ⁺ shows significant differences when corrected for bodyweight; p < 0.05. Abbreviations: Ao: aorta; Ao-cs: aorta measured from a short axis view (cross-section); AoS: aortic sinus; EPSS: e-point to septal separation; ET: ejection time; FS: fractional shortening; FWd: left ventricular free wall measured in diastole; FWs: left ventricular free wall measured in systole; HR: heart rate; IVSd: inter-ventricular septum measured in diastole; IVSs: inter-ventricular septum measured in systole; LAD: left atrial diameter measured end systole; LVDd: left ventricular diameter measured in diastole; LVDs: left ventricular diameter measured in systole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PA: pulmonary artery PA: Ao: ratio of pulmonary artery to aorta; PEP: pre-ejection period; RVDd: right ventricular diameter measured in diastole; RVDs: right ventricular diameter measured in systole.