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Figure 3 | BMC Veterinary Research

Figure 3

From: Enhancement of Th1-biased protective immunity against avian influenza H9N2 virus via oral co-administration of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interferon-α and interleukin-18 along with an inactivated vaccine

Figure 3

Enhanced protective immunity of inactivated AI H9N2 vaccine by co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-a and chIL-18. (A) Mortality of AIV H9N2-challenged chickens. Groups of chickens were administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α and chIL-18 (109 and 1011 cfu/chicken) and vaccinated with inactivated AIV H9N2 three days later. Vaccination was performed twice at 7-day intervals. Seven days after booster vaccination, chickens were intra-tracheally infected with AIV H9N2 (1010.83 EID50/bird). Graphs show the proportion of surviving chickens on days p.i. (B) Clinical severity of AIV H9N2-challenged chickens. Chickens immunized with inactivated AIV H9N2 vaccine were challenged with AIV H9N2 virus and clinical severity scored daily. (C and D) Feed and water intake of AIV H9N2-challenged chickens recorded daily after AIV H9N2 challenge of inactivated AIV H9N2-vaccinated chickens. Data show the average feed (C) and water (D) intake obtained from eight chickens per group.

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BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

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