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Figure 1 | BMC Veterinary Research

Figure 1

From: Enhancement of Th1-biased protective immunity against avian influenza H9N2 virus via oral co-administration of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interferon-α and interleukin-18 along with an inactivated vaccine

Figure 1

Serum HI antibody titers of inactivated AIV-vaccinated chickens following co-administration of live attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α and chIL-18. Groups of chickens were administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α and/or chIL-18 (109 and 1011 cfu/chicken) and vaccinated with inactivated AIV H9N2 three days later. The vaccination was performed by same protocol twice at 7-day intervals. Serum samples collected from chickens of all groups 7 days after primary vaccination and 7 and 14 days after booster vaccination were subjected to HI testing. Data are expressed as reciprocal log2 of the geometric average and SEM of HI titers obtained from five chickens per group. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared to vehicle group treated with control bacteria. ¶¶¶p < 0.001 compared to chIFN-α-treated chickens. †††p < 0.001 compared to chIL-18-treated chickens.

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BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

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